Bioactive molecules of plant origin play a significant role as defensive agents in different insect species. Chemical compounds in medicinal plants have been an exciting alternative to standard methods of controlling mosquito larvae. The present study evaluates the different solvent extracts of D. hamiltonii for toxicity against three different mosquito larvae. Bioassay revealed that the effect of the methanol extracts increased the larval mortality with increasing concentration. The highest larval mortality was observed in Culex quinquefasciatus with 98.33%, followed by 95 and 90% mortality in Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi, at 24 h exposure. GC-MS analysis of methanol extract of D. hamiltonii showed six major peak compounds. They are benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-(10.35%), dodecanoic acid (11.02%), n-hexadecanoic acid (21.05%), linoleic acid methyl ester (14.20%), oleic acid (21.04%), octadecanoic acid (22.21%). The level of α and β Carboxylesterases gets significantly decreased post-treatment with the methanol extract of D. hamiltonii in a dose-dependent manner.In contrast, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome-P450 (CYP450) levels get up-lifted steadily when the dosage gets increased. The ratio of GST level has drastically proclaimed to in Ae. aegypti 0.702 mg/m Lin parallel to Cx. quiquefasciatus (0.656mg/mL) and An. stephensi (0.812 mg/mL). Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activity was observed to increase significantly post-treatment with the sub-lethal dosage of methanol extract of D. hamiltonii. Correspondingly, the non-target screening against the aquatic predators reveals that the crude root extracts and their derivatives are ecologically safe and less toxic. Overall, the present research highlights the chemical characterization of crude methanol extracts of D. hamiltonii, their insecticidal activity against the medically challenging pests, and their non-target activity delivers an ecologically safe, and target specific bio-active agents and suitable substitute for chemical pesticides.

中文翻译：

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根提取物 Decalepishamiltonii (Wight & Arn) 对三种蚊媒的生物活性及其对蚊子捕食者的无毒作用

植物来源的生物活性分子在不同昆虫物种中作为防御剂发挥着重要作用。药用植物中的化合物已成为控制蚊子幼虫的标准方法的令人兴奋的替代方法。本研究评估了不同溶剂提取物的D. hamiltonii对三种不同蚊子幼虫的毒性。生物测定表明，甲醇提取物的作用随着浓度的增加而增加了幼虫死亡率。在暴露 24 小时后，在 Culex quinquefasciatus 中观察到的幼虫死亡率最高，为 98.33%，其次是埃及伊蚊和史蒂芬按蚊的死亡率为 95% 和 90%。D. hamiltonii甲醇提取物的 GC-MS 分析显示了六个主要的峰化合物。它们是苯甲醛、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-(10.35%)、十二烷酸(11.02%)、正十六烷酸(21.05%)、亚油酸甲酯(14.20%)、油酸(21.04%)、十八烷酸酸 (22.21%)。用汉密尔顿草甲醇提取物处理后，α 和 β 羧酸酯酶水平显着降低，呈剂量依赖性。相反，谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 (GST) 和细胞色素 P450 (CYP450) 水平升高当剂量增加时稳定。商品及服务税水平的比率已大幅宣布为Ae。aegypti 0.702 mg/m Lin 平行于Cx。quiquefasciatus (0.656mg/mL) 和An。斯蒂芬西(0.812 毫克/毫升)。观察到细胞色素 P450 (CYP450) 活性在用亚致死剂量的汉密尔顿草甲醇提取物处理后显着增加。相应地，针对水生食肉动物的非目标筛选表明，粗根提取物及其衍生物生态安全且毒性较小。总体而言，本研究强调了汉密尔顿粗甲醇提取物的化学特征，它们对医学上具有挑战性的害虫的杀虫活性，以及​​它们的非靶向活性提供了一种生态安全的、靶向特定的生物活性剂和化学物质的合适替代品。杀虫剂。