The potential of semiochemicals to lure insect pests to a trap where they can be killed with biopesticides has been demonstrated as an eco-friendly pest management alternative. In this study, we tested two recently characterized male-produced aggregation pheromones of the bean flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom), namely (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate (major) and (R)-lavandulol (minor), for their field efficacy. Moreover, compatibility of these pheromones and two other thrips attractants, Lurem-TR and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate, with the entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 69 has been determined. Our study revealed that the M. sjostedti aggregation pheromones have dose-dependent antifungal effects on the EPF viability, but showed no fungistatic effect at a field-realistic dose for attraction of thrips. (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate had similar antifungal effects as neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate 8 days after exposure; whereas, Lurem-TR had a stronger antifungal effect than other thrips attractants. In the semi-field experiments, all autoinoculation devices maintained at least 86% viability of M. anisopliae conidia after 12 days of exposure. Field trials demonstrated for the first time that (R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate increases trap catches. Our findings pave a way for designing a lure-and-kill thrips management strategy to control bean flower thrips using autoinoculation devices or spot spray application.

中文翻译：

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利用蓟马聚集信息素来制定管理豆花蓟马的诱杀策略

化学信息素将害虫引诱到可以用生物杀虫剂杀死的陷阱中的潜力已被证明是一种生态友好的害虫管理替代方案。在这项研究中，我们测试了豆花蓟马Megalurothrips sjostedti (Trybom) 的两种最近表征的雄性聚集信息素，即 ( R )-3-甲基丁酸薰衣草酯（主要）和 ( R )-薰衣草醇（次要），用于他们的领域功效。此外，这些信息素和其他两种蓟马引诱剂 Lurem-TR 和 neryl ( S )-2-methylbutanoate 与昆虫病原真菌 (EPF)绿僵菌ICIPE 69 的相容性已经确定。我们的研究表明M. sjostedti聚集信息素对 EPF 活力具有剂量依赖性的抗真菌作用，但在田间实际剂量下对蓟马的吸引力没有表现出抑制真菌作用。( R )-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate在暴露后 8 天具有与 neryl ( S )-2-methylbutanoate相似的抗真菌作用；而与其他蓟马引诱剂相比，Lurem-TR 具有更强的抗真菌作用。在半田间实验中，所有自动接种装置在暴露 12 天后仍保持至少 86% 的M. anisopliae分生孢子存活率。田间试验首次证明（R)-lavandulyl 3-methylbutanoate 增加陷阱捕获。我们的研究结果为设计诱杀蓟马管理策略铺平了道路，以使用自动接种装置或点喷应用控制豆花蓟马。