Peripheral nerve injuries resulting from various traumatic events can cause mobility problems and sensory impairment, jeopardizing patients’ life quality and bringing serious economic burdens. Due to the shortcomings of autologous nerve grafts, such as limited tissue sources, unmatched size, and loss of innervation at the donor site, tissue-engineered nerve grafts using both natural and synthetic materials have been employed in the treatment of peripheral nerve defect and to promote nerve regeneration. Apart from traditional advantages such as good biocompatibility and controllable degradation, the development of fabrication technology and the advancement in material science have endowed tissue-engineered nerve conduits with upgraded properties such as biomimetic surface topography, extracellular matrix components, neurotrophic factors, and cell seeding, or a conduit with micropores on the surface for substance exchange and/or with fillers inside for microenvironment simulation. This article reviews recent progress in the biomaterials employed in fabricating tissue-engineered nerve conduits, in vitro characterization, and their applications in nerve repair in animal studies as well as in clinical trials.

中文翻译：

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组织工程神经导管的材料进步

各种创伤性事件导致的周围神经损伤会导致行动不便和感觉障碍，危及患者的生活质量并带来严重的经济负担。由于自体神经移植物存在组织来源有限、大小不匹配、供体部位神经支配丧失等缺点，使用天然和合成材料的组织工程神经移植物已被用于治疗周围神经缺损和促进神经再生。除了良好的生物相容性和可控降解等传统优势外，制造技术的发展和材料科学的进步赋予了组织工程神经导管升级的特性，如仿生表面形貌、细胞外基质成分、神经营养因子、和细胞接种，或在表面带有微孔的导管用于物质交换和/或在内部带有填充物用于微环境模拟。本文回顾了用于制造组织工程神经导管的生物材料、体外表征及其在动物研究和临床试验中的神经修复应用方面的最新进展。