Abstract. The Danish-Polish Trough – a large Trans-European sedimentary basin stretching from Denmark, through Germany, to south-eastern Poland and even further to the south into Ukraine, had undergone an uplift during the Late Cretaceous, which in consequence resulted in its inversion and development into the Mid-Polish Anticlinorium. In many existing paleotectonic interpretations, SE Poland, i.e. the subsurface San Anticlinorium and the recent-day Roztocze Hills area was included during the Late Cretaceous into the Danish-Polish Trough, representing its axial and most subsiding part. Such a paleotectonic model was the basis for facies and bathymetric interpretations, assuming that upper Cretaceous sediments deposited close to the axial part of the Danish-Polish Trough (e.g. Roztocze) were represented by the deepest facies. Several studies performed in recent years contradict this concept. The growing amount of data indicates that already from the Coniacian-Santonian times, this area was a land-mass rather than the deepest part of the basin – the same is true for the Campanian and Maastrichtian times. Additionally, recent discoveries of cyclic middle Campanian deposits of shallow deltaic origin, along with a decreasing contribution of terrigenous material towards the NE, have led to the adoption of new facies and bathymetric models, being all in opposite to most of the previous interpretations. The new interpretation implies the presence of a land-mass area in the place where formerly the deepest and most subsiding part of the Danish-Polish Trough was located. Here we document in detail the Late Cretaceous deltaic system, i.e. the Szozdy delta developed in the axial part of the Danish-Polish Trough. The middle Campanian deposits which crop out extensively in the middle Roztocze Hills region, close to the village of the Szozdy, exhibits coarsening-upward tripartite cyclothems. The sequence was deposited in a shallow-water, delta front platform setting. Three facies associations have been distinguished: (1) dark grey calcareous mudstone, deposited in prodelta environment, (2) yellow calcareous sandstone unit, interpreted as prograding delta front lobe deposits of fluvially-dominated though wave/tidally influenced setting, and (3) calcareous gaize unit deposited in areas cut-off from the material supply. The sequence as a whole was accumulated by repeated progradation and abandonment of deltaic complexes. This interpretation is supported by the new sedimentological, palynofacies, and heavy mineral data. The latter is also discussed in the context of their possible source rock provenance, which might suggest a different burial history than thought so far. The development of the Szozdy delta system is placed next to dynamic tectonic processes operating at that time in SE Poland, i.e. the inversion on the one hand, and the generation of new accommodation space for the deltaic deposits by enhanced subsidence. This discovery shed new light on our understanding of facies distribution, bathymetry, paleogeography, and paleotectonic evolution of the south-easternmost part of the inverting Danish-Polish Trough into the Mid-Polish Anticlinorium during the Late Cretaceous times.

中文翻译：

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深与浅——两种截然不同的理论？丹麦-波兰海槽轴部构造激活的晚白垩世三角洲系统；来自波兰东南部的案例研究

摘要。丹麦-波兰海槽——一个大型的跨欧洲沉积盆地，从丹麦、德国、波兰东南部，甚至进一步向南延伸到乌克兰，在晚白垩世期间经历了一次隆升，结果导致其反转并发展成中波兰背斜。在许多现有的古构造解释中，波兰东南部，即地下 San Anticlinorium 和最近一天的 Roztocze Hills 地区在晚白垩世被包括在丹麦-波兰海槽中，代表其轴向和最下沉的部分。这种古构造模型是相和测深解释的基础，假设沉积在丹麦-波兰海槽（例如 Roztocze）轴部附近的上白垩统沉积物由最深的相代表。近年来进行的几项研究与这一概念相矛盾。越来越多的数据表明，从 Coniacian-Santonian 时代开始，该地区是一块陆地，而不是盆地的最深处——坎帕尼亚和马斯特里赫特时代也是如此。此外，最近发现的浅三角洲起源的循环中坎帕阶沉积物，以及陆源物质对东北的贡献减少，导致采用新的相和测深模型，这与大多数先前的解释相反。新的解释意味着在以前丹麦-波兰海槽最深和最下沉部分所在的地方存在一块陆地区域。这里我们详细记录了晚白垩世三角洲系统，即 Szozdy 三角洲发育于丹麦-波兰海槽的轴部。在靠近 Szozdy 村的 Roztocze Hills 中部地区广泛出露的中坎帕阶沉积物表现出向上粗化的三方环线。该层序沉积在浅水三角洲前缘平台环境中。已区分出三个相组合：(1) 深灰色钙质泥岩，沉积在前三角洲环境中，(2) 黄色钙质砂岩单元，解释为河流控制但波浪/潮汐影响环境的进积三角洲前叶沉积物，以及 (3)在与材料供应切断的区域沉积的钙质凝块单元。整个序列是通过反复进积和放弃三角洲复合体而积累起来的。这种解释得到了新的沉积学、孢粉相和重矿物数据。后者也在其可能的烃源岩来源的背景下进行了讨论，这可能表明与迄今为止所认为的不同的埋葬历史。Szozdy 三角洲系统的发展与当时在波兰东南部运行的动态构造过程相邻，即一方面是反转，另一方面是通过增强的沉降为三角洲沉积物产生新的容纳空间。这一发现为我们对白垩纪晚期丹麦-波兰海槽倒转至中波兰背斜面的相分布、水深测量、古地理和古构造演化的理解提供了新的思路。这可能暗示着与迄今为止所想的不同的埋葬历史。Szozdy 三角洲系统的发展与当时在波兰东南部运行的动态构造过程相邻，即一方面是反转，另一方面是通过增强的沉降为三角洲沉积物产生新的容纳空间。这一发现为我们对白垩纪晚期丹麦-波兰海槽倒转至中波兰背斜面的相分布、水深测量、古地理和古构造演化的理解提供了新的思路。这可能暗示着与迄今为止所想的不同的埋葬历史。Szozdy 三角洲系统的发展与当时在波兰东南部运行的动态构造过程相邻，即一方面是反转，另一方面是通过增强的沉降为三角洲沉积物产生新的容纳空间。这一发现为我们对白垩纪晚期丹麦-波兰海槽倒转至中波兰背斜面的相分布、水深测量、古地理和古构造演化的理解提供了新的思路。以及通过增强沉降为三角洲沉积物产生新的容纳空间。这一发现为我们对白垩纪晚期丹麦-波兰海槽倒转至中波兰背斜面的相分布、水深测量、古地理和古构造演化的理解提供了新的思路。以及通过增强沉降为三角洲沉积物产生新的容纳空间。这一发现为我们对白垩纪晚期丹麦-波兰海槽倒转至中波兰背斜面的相分布、水深测量、古地理和古构造演化的理解提供了新的思路。