The electromagnetic self-force of a point charge moving arbitrarily on a rectilinear trajectory is calculated by averaging its retarded electric self-field over a sphere of infinitesimal radius centred on the charge's present position. The finite part of the self-force obtained is the well-established relativistic radiation reaction, while its divergent part implies the pre-relativistic longitudinal electromagnetic mass of Abraham.

中文翻译：

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点电荷自力的有限和发散部分来自其球平均自场

在直线轨迹上任意移动的点电荷的电磁自力是通过在以电荷当前位置为中心的无限小半径球体上平均其延迟电场自力来计算的。获得的自力的有限部分是公认的相对论辐射反应，而其发散部分暗示亚伯拉罕的前相对论纵向电磁质量。