Various human tissues and cells express phospholipase A1 member A (PLA1A), including the liver, lung, prostate gland, and immune cells. The enzyme belongs to the pancreatic lipase family. PLA1A specifically hydrolyzes sn-1 fatty acid of phosphatidylserine (PS) or 1-acyl-lysophosphatidylserine (1-acyl-lysoPS). PS externalized by activated cells or apoptotic cells or extracellular vesicles is a potential source of substrate for the production of unsaturated lysoPS species by PLA1A. Maturation and functions of many immune cells, such as T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells, can be regulated by PLA1A and lysoPS. Several lysoPS receptors, including GPR34, GPR174 and P2Y10, have been identified. High serum levels and high PLA1A expression are associated with autoimmune disorders such as Graves' disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Increased expression of PLA1A is associated with metastatic melanomas. PLA1A may contribute to cardiometabolic disorders through mediating cholesterol transportation and producing lysoPS. Furthermore, PLA1A is necessary for hepatitis C virus assembly and can play a role in the antivirus innate immune response. This review summarizes recent findings on PLA1A expression, lysoPS and lysoPS receptors in autoimmune disorders, cancers, cardiometabolic disorders, antivirus immune responses, as well as regulations of immune cells.

各种人体组织和细胞表达磷脂酶 A1 成员 A (PLA1A)，包括肝、肺、前列腺和免疫细胞。该酶属于胰脂肪酶家族。PLA1A 特异性水解磷脂酰丝氨酸 (PS) 或 1-酰基-溶血磷脂酰丝氨酸 (1-acyl-lysoPS) 的 sn-1 脂肪酸。由活化细胞或凋亡细胞或细胞外囊泡外化的 PS 是 PLA1A 产生不饱和溶血多糖类物质的潜在底物来源。许多免疫细胞的成熟和功能，例如 T 细胞、树突状细胞、巨噬细胞和肥大细胞，都可以受 PLA1A 和 lysoPS 的调节。已经鉴定了几种溶菌素受体，包括 GPR34、GPR174 和 P2Y10。高血清水平和高 PLA1A 表达与 Graves 等自身免疫性疾病有关 疾病和系统性红斑狼疮。PLA1A 表达增加与转移性黑色素瘤有关。PLA1A 可能通过介导胆固醇运输和产生 lysoPS 导致心脏代谢紊乱。此外，PLA1A 是丙型肝炎病毒组装所必需的，并且可以在抗病毒先天免疫反应中发挥作用。这篇综述总结了最近关于 PLA1A 表达、lysoPS 和 lysoPS 受体在自身免疫性疾病、癌症、心脏代谢疾病、抗病毒免疫反应以及免疫细胞调节中的发现。PLA1A 是丙型肝炎病毒组装所必需的，可在抗病毒先天免疫反应中发挥作用。这篇综述总结了最近关于 PLA1A 表达、lysoPS 和 lysoPS 受体在自身免疫性疾病、癌症、心脏代谢疾病、抗病毒免疫反应以及免疫细胞调节中的发现。PLA1A 是丙型肝炎病毒组装所必需的，可在抗病毒先天免疫反应中发挥作用。这篇综述总结了最近关于 PLA1A 表达、lysoPS 和 lysoPS 受体在自身免疫性疾病、癌症、心脏代谢疾病、抗病毒免疫反应以及免疫细胞调节中的发现。