Biological findings in archaeological and paleontological contexts are not limited to bones. In particular, biological concretions can present valuable information regarding the health of the organisms under examination. However, these structures are often difficult to recognize and identify. Chemical analyses (e.g., Raman spectroscopy) can allow their identification but they are time-consuming and destructive techniques, even if minimally so. In this research, the potential of nondestructive high magnification surface microscopy is investigated for the distinction of uroliths from other biological and nonbiological concretions, specifically gallstones, bezoars, gastric pellets, coprolites, eggs, gastroliths and geological concretions.

中文翻译：

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具有生物学意义的准球形结构的无损识别和区分

考古学和古生物学背景下的生物学发现不仅限于骨骼。特别是，生物结核可以提供有关被检查生物体健康的有价值的信息。然而，这些结构通常难以识别和识别。化学分析（例如，拉曼光谱）可以识别它们，但它们是耗时和破坏性的技术，即使是最低限度的。在这项研究中，研究了无损高倍率表面显微镜的潜力，以区分尿石与其他生物和非生物结核，特别是胆结石、牛黄、胃小球、粪石、鸡蛋、胃石和地质结核。