Smartphones have recently become a major target for cybercriminals due to large amounts of sensitive data and credentials being stored on the devices. To protect themselves against cyberthreats, users can employ a range of security behaviors. Although research has largely focused on computer security, relatively little is known about personal smartphone security behavior. The goal of our study was to evaluate determinants of smartphone security behavior based on the combination of the Health Belief Model and Protection Motivation Theory. We extended the models by including the construct of general security orientation. We also developed a smartphone security behavior scale that measured various aspects of this behavior. The sample included 331 Czech Android smartphone users aged between 26 and 81 years who were not IT specialists by employment or education. Path analysis showed that individuals who perceived a potential smartphone security threat as more severe, had higher smartphone self-efficacy, and general orientation and interest in digital security, and less personal experience with a digital security incident reported more secure behavior on their smartphones. Perceived susceptibility to security threats and family and friends' previous experience with digital security incidents did not predict smartphone security behavior. General security orientation affected smartphone security behavior also indirectly through perceived severity. These findings have theoretical implications for the models and also emphasize the importance of general digital security awareness as well as smartphone training to increase smartphone security behavior.

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谁的智能手机很聪明？智能手机安全行为的决定因素

由于设备上存储了大量敏感数据和凭据，智能手机最近已成为网络犯罪分子的主要目标。为了保护自己免受网络威胁，用户可以采用一系列安全行为。尽管研究主要集中在计算机安全上，但对个人智能手机安全行为的了解相对较少。我们研究的目标是基于健康信念模型和保护动机理论的结合来评估智能手机安全行为的决定因素。我们通过包含一般安全方向的构造来扩展模型。我们还开发了智能手机安全行为量表，用于衡量这种行为的各个方面。样本包括 331 名年龄在 26 至 81 岁之间的捷克 Android 智能手机用户，他们在工作或教育方面不是 IT 专家。路径分析表明，认为潜在的智能手机安全威胁更严重、智能手机自我效能感更高、对数字安全的总体定位和兴趣以及对数字安全事件的个人经验较少的个人在其智能手机上报告了更安全的行为。对安全威胁的感知易感性以及家人和朋友以前在数字安全事件中的经历并不能预测智能手机的安全行为。一般安全导向也通过感知的严重性间接影响智能手机安全行为。