Globally, humanitarian needs have reached an historically unprecedented scale, undermining the ability of affected children to survive, grow, and thrive. Social protection holds the promise of addressing acute needs and risks faced by children in crisis contexts, while allowing for human capital investments. We review evidence of the impact of emergency cash, food, and other in-kind transfers implemented by governments or humanitarian actors on child development in different contexts. Compared with development settings, rigorous evidence for crises is limited. Most existing studies focus on either schooling or acute malnutrition, highlighting that transfers can mitigate the detrimental effects of crises on these outcomes. Evidence on linear growth, micronutrient deficiencies, health, labor, learning, psychosocial outcomes, and child protection is limited. Also, most studies are set in contexts characterized by high institutional fragility in which emergency social protection is undertaken by international organizations, while evidence from settings where institutional capacity for shock-responsive social protection exists is scarce. Further gaps relate to the cost-effectiveness of alternative program designs and delivery modalities; heterogeneity by child and household backgrounds; and longer-term effects of interventions. Filling these gaps is critical to support child-sensitive approaches to social protection in crises to effectively pursue Sustainable Development Goal 1.

中文翻译：

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危机中儿童发展的社会保护：对证据和知识差距的回顾

在全球范围内，人道主义需求达到了前所未有的规模，削弱了受影响儿童生存、成长和茁壮成长的能力。社会保护有望解决儿童在危机背景下面临的迫切需求和风险，同时允许进行人力资本投资。我们审查了政府或人道主义行动者在不同情况下实施的紧急现金、食品和其他实物转移对儿童发展的影响的证据。与发展环境相比，危机的严格证据是有限的。大多数现有研究都关注学校教育或急性营养不良，强调转移可以减轻危机对这些结果的不利影响。关于线性生长、微量营养素缺乏、健康、劳动、学习、心理社会结果的证据，和儿童保护是有限的。此外，大多数研究都是在机构高度脆弱的背景下进行的，在这种情况下，国际组织承担紧急社会保护，而来自存在应对冲击的社会保护机构能力的环境的证据很少。进一步的差距与替代方案设计和交付方式的成本效益有关；儿童和家庭背景的异质性；以及干预措施的长期影响。填补这些空白对于支持危机中对儿童敏感的社会保护方法以有效实现可持续发展目标 1 至关重要。而来自存在应对冲击的社会保护机构能力的环境中的证据却很少。进一步的差距与替代方案设计和交付方式的成本效益有关；儿童和家庭背景的异质性；以及干预措施的长期影响。填补这些空白对于支持危机中对儿童敏感的社会保护方法以有效实现可持续发展目标 1 至关重要。而来自存在应对冲击的社会保护机构能力的环境中的证据却很少。进一步的差距与替代方案设计和交付方式的成本效益有关；儿童和家庭背景的异质性；以及干预措施的长期影响。填补这些空白对于支持危机中对儿童敏感的社会保护方法以有效实现可持续发展目标 1 至关重要。