To construct their theoretical framework, the US institutionalist authors, Thorstein Veblen and John Commons, drew on the conception of habit which had been developed by Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey from the pragmatist movement. Peirce, James and Dewey see habit as a generally effective form of action conduct, although Dewey focuses more on an analysis of habit transformation and transaction than on habit itself. At the heart of this process of transformation is emotion. Emotion signals the need for change and at the same time is an active agent in habit reconfiguration. Compared to nudge theory, Dewey’s approach, therefore, emphasises the emotional (and not just cognitive) dimension of habit change.

中文翻译：

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习惯与情感：杜威对变革理论的贡献

为了构建他们的理论框架，美国制度主义作家索尔斯坦·凡勃伦和约翰·康芒斯借鉴了查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔斯、威廉·詹姆斯和约翰·杜威从实用主义运动中发展起来的习惯概念。皮尔斯、詹姆斯和杜威将习惯视为一种普遍有效的行为行为形式，尽管杜威更多地关注对习惯转变和交易的分析，而不是习惯本身。这一转变过程的核心是情感。情绪表明需要改变，同时也是习惯重新配置的积极因素。因此，与轻推理论相比，杜威的方法强调习惯改变的情感（而不仅仅是认知）维度。