Producing findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) data cannot be accomplished solely by data curators in all disciplines. In biology, we have shown that phenotypic data curation is not only costly, but it is burdened with inter-curator variation. We intend to propose a software platform that would enable all data producers, including authors of scientific publications, to produce ontologized data at the time of publication. Working toward this goal, we need to identify ontology construction methods that are preferred by end users. Here, we employ two usability studies to evaluate effectiveness, efficiency and user satisfaction with a set of four methods that allow an end user to add terms and their relations to an ontology. Thirty-three participants took part in a controlled experiment where they evaluated the four methods (Quick Form, Wizard, WebProtégé and Wikidata) after watching demonstration videos and completing a hands-on task. Another think-aloud study was conducted with three professional botanists. The efficiency effectiveness and user confidence in the methods are clearly revealed through statistical and content analyses of participants’ comments. Quick Form, Wizard and WebProtégé offer distinct strengths that would benefit our author-driven FAIR data generation system. Features preferred by the participants will guide the design of future iterations.

中文翻译：

---

哪些方法最能让新手用户参与本体创建？可用性研究

生成可查找、可访问、可互操作和可重用 (FAIR) 的数据不能仅由所有学科的数据管理者来完成。在生物学中，我们已经证明表型数据管理不仅成本​​高昂，而且还承受着管理者之间的变异的负担。我们打算提出一个软件平台，使所有数据生产者（包括科学出版物的作者）能够在出版时生成本体数据。为了实现这一目标，我们需要确定最终用户喜欢的本体构建方法。在这里，我们采用两项可用性研究来评估有效性、效率和用户满意度，使用一组四种方法，允许最终用户将术语及其关系添加到本体中。33 名参与者参加了一项对照实验，他们在观看演示视频并完成动手任务后评估了四种方法（Quick Form、Wizard、WebProtégé 和 Wikidata）。另一项有声思考研究是由三位专业植物学家进行的。通过对参与者评论的统计和内容分析，清楚地揭示了该方法的效率有效性和用户信心。Quick Form、Wizard 和 WebProtégé 具有独特的优势，这将有利于我们由作者驱动的 FAIR 数据生成系统。参与者喜欢的功能将指导未来迭代的设计。