Both agricultural intensification and abandonment are considered among the main drivers of biodiversity loss, especially for species typical of semi-natural grasslands. In the Mediterranean regions, semi-natural grasslands are often abandoned or replaced by perennial crops such as vineyards and olive groves with potential negative consequences on the associated diversity. However, when these crops are managed under low-intensity practices, their inter-row grass cover can potentially provide suitable habitats for grassland specialists. Here, we analysed the effects of land use on orthopterans by sampling 67 sites belonging to four different habitats (vineyards, olive groves, semi-natural grasslands and abandoned semi-natural grasslands) along a landscape composition gradient. Overall, species richness was highest in abandoned grasslands, while vineyards presented the lowest diversity. Semi-natural grasslands and olive orchards presented intermediate and similar species richness. However, this effect was significant only for Ensifera species, while species richness of Caelifera did not differ between the four habitats. Increasing forest cover within a scale radius of 500 m also increased Ensifera species richness probably providing undisturbed refugia at the margins. Orthopteran abundance was higher in semi-natural grasslands than in abandoned grasslands and vineyards. Despite the differences in species richness, we observed large overlap in species composition between olive groves and semi-natural grasslands suggesting that perennial crops managed under traditional, non-intensive practices can provide suitable habitats for orthopterans typical of semi-natural grasslands. In particular, olive groves appeared to be a better surrogate habitat than vineyards for the conservation of both Ensifera and Caelifera.

农业集约化和废弃被认为是生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素，特别是对于典型的半天然草原物种。在地中海地区，半天然草原经常被废弃或被葡萄园和橄榄园等多年生作物取代，这对相关的多样性产生潜在的负面影响。然而，当这些作物在低强度实践下管理时，它们的行间草覆盖可能为草原专家提供合适的栖息地。在这里，我们通过沿着景观组成梯度对属于四个不同栖息地（葡萄园、橄榄园、半天然草原和废弃的半天然草原）的 67 个地点进行采样，分析了土地利用对直翅目昆虫的影响。总体而言，废弃草原的物种丰富度最高，而葡萄园的多样性最低。半天然草原和橄榄园呈现出中等和相似的物种丰富度。然而，这种影响仅对 Ensifera 物种显着，而 Caelifera 的物种丰富度在四个栖息地之间没有差异。在 500 m 的尺度半径内增加森林覆盖也增加了 Ensifera 物种的丰富度，可能在边缘提供不受干扰的避难所。半天然草原的直翅目昆虫丰度高于废弃的草原和葡萄园。尽管物种丰富度存在差异，但我们观察到橄榄树林和半天然草原之间的物种组成存在很大重叠，这表明在传统的非集约化做法下管理的多年生作物可以为半天然草原典型的直翅目昆虫提供合适的栖息地。