Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is widespread throughout much of the world, including parts of South East Asia. Surveillance is often limited in endemic areas, relying predominantly on passive outbreak reporting, and without full understanding of transmission dynamics. We undertook an abattoir-based field study to help elucidate the low-level epidemiology of virus in endemic settings. Serum and dry mucosal swabs were collected to evaluate the presence of FMDV RNA on the nasal, oral, and dorsal nasopharyngeal mucosal surfaces of 262 healthy cattle (n=84 in Laos; n=125 in Myanmar) and buffalo (n=48 in Laos; n=5 in Myanmar) immediately following slaughter in three slaughterhouses. Swabs were tested by the OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease (WRLFMD) using pan‐serotypic real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR (rRT‐PCR) and serum was evaluated using the FMD PrioCHECK non-structural protein (NSP) ELISA. In total, 7.3% of animals had detectable FMDV RNA in one or more of the three sites including 5.3% of nasopharyngeal swabs, 2.3% of oral swabs, and 1.5% of nasal swabs. No FMDV RNA was detected in serum. Overall, 37.8% of animals were positive for NSP antibodies. Results were comparable for Laos and Myanmar, and for both cattle and buffalo, and were not significantly different between age groups. FMDV RNA present on the oral and nasal mucosa of clinically-healthy large ruminants in Laos and Myanmar demonstrates the importance of sampling asymptomatic animals as part of surveillance, and may indicate that subclinical shedding plays a role in the epidemiology of FMD in these countries.

中文翻译：

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在没有临床疾病的情况下检测东南亚牛和水牛的口蹄疫病毒

口蹄疫病毒 (FMDV) 在世界大部分地区广泛传播，包括东南亚部分地区。流行地区的监测通常是有限的，主要依赖被动的爆发报告，并且没有充分了解传播动态。我们进行了一项基于屠宰场的实地研究，以帮助阐明流行环境中病毒的低水平流行病学。收集血清和干粘膜拭子以评估 262 头健康牛（老挝 n = 84；缅甸 n = 125）和水牛（老挝 n = 48）的鼻、口腔和鼻咽背粘膜表面是否存在口蹄疫病毒 RNA ; n=5 在缅甸）在三个屠宰场屠宰后立即进行。OIE/FAO 世界口蹄疫参考实验室 (WRLFMD) 使用泛血清型实时逆转录 PCR (rRT-PCR) 检测拭子，并使用 FMD PrioCHECK 非结构蛋白评估血清。 NSP) ELISA。总共有 7.3% 的动物在三个部位中的一个或多个部位检测到 FMDV RNA，包括 5.3% 的鼻咽拭子、2.3% 的口腔拭子和 1.5% 的鼻拭子。在血清中未检测到 FMDV RNA。总体而言，37.8% 的动物对 NSP 抗体呈阳性。老挝和缅甸以及牛和水牛的结果具有可比性，并且在年龄组之间没有显着差异。老挝和缅甸临床健康的大型反刍动物口腔和鼻黏膜上存在的口蹄疫病毒 RNA 表明，对无症状动物进行采样作为监测的一部分的重要性，