Lead (Pb) exposure can cause central nervous system (CNS) damage. The process of Pb neurotoxicity is accompanied by the microglia activation. In addition, microglia activation was observed under the intervention of high-fat diets (HFD). This study was designed to investigate the effect of Pb on the cognitive function of mice with HFD, with focus on the microglia activation in brain. Male C57BL/6J mice, 8 weeks of age, were randomly divided into control, HFD, Pb, and HFD + Pb groups. The results showed that HFD following Pb exposure could exacerbate the learning and memory impairment in mice. Pb exposure could promote microglia activation and increase the expression of M1 microglia marker and decrease the expression of M2 microglia marker in the hippocampus of mice with HFD. Our finding suggested that Pb exposure may aggravate CNS damage by promoting M1 polarization and inhibiting M2 polarization of hippocampal microglia in HFD mice.

中文翻译：

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铅暴露对高脂饮食小鼠小胶质细胞活化的影响

铅 (Pb) 暴露会导致中枢神经系统 (CNS) 损伤。铅的神经毒性过程伴随着小胶质细胞的激活。此外，在高脂肪饮食（HFD）的干预下观察到小胶质细胞活化。本研究旨在研究 Pb 对 HFD 小鼠认知功能的影响，重点是大脑中的小胶质细胞激活。将 8 周龄的雄性 C57BL/6J 小鼠随机分为对照组、HFD、Pb 和 HFD + Pb 组。结果表明，铅暴露后的HFD会加剧小鼠的学习和记忆障碍。铅暴露可促进HFD小鼠海马小胶质细胞活化，增加M1小胶质细胞标志物的表达，降低M2小胶质细胞标志物的表达。