Although many studies have evaluated the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) development on transportation connectivity and accessibility, it remains unclear to what extent the introduction of HSR may influence the operational capacities of freight and conventional passenger rail services. This paper addresses this question by examining the spatial and temporal variations of transport capacities of different rail systems. In addition, the interaction effects of different rail systems were investigated using a structural equation model. The results reveal that the spatial and temporal evolution of operational capacity varies significantly among freight, conventional passenger, and high-speed passenger rail systems. Moreover, HSR was found to have a substitutional effect on conventional passenger rail, although the effects vary spatially in different corridors. Furthermore, the operational capacity of conventional passenger rail is negatively associated with that of freight rail, which confirms that a service cut in conventional passenger rail contributes to an increase in the capacity of freight rail. The analysis also demonstrates that HSR promotes the expansion of freight rail capacity through its substitutional effect on conventional passenger rail. These findings provide important implications for transportation planners to optimize operational plans, in order to improve the performance of various rail services.

尽管许多研究评估了高铁（HSR）发展对交通连通性和可达性的影响，但尚不清楚高铁的引入可能在多大程度上影响货运和传统客运铁路服务的运营能力。本文通过研究不同铁路系统运输能力的空间和时间变化来解决这个问题。此外，使用结构方程模型研究了不同轨道系统的相互作用影响。结果表明，货运、传统客运和高速客运铁路系统的运营能力的时空演变差异显着。此外，发现高铁对传统客运铁路有替代作用，尽管在不同的走廊中效果在空间上有所不同。此外，传统客运铁路的运营能力与货运铁路的运营能力呈负相关，这证实了传统客运铁路的服务削减有助于货运铁路运力的增加。分析还表明，高铁通过对传统客运铁路的替代效应促进了货运铁路运力的扩张。这些发现为交通规划者优化运营计划以提高各种铁路服务的绩效提供了重要意义。这证实了传统客运铁路的服务削减有助于增加货运铁路的运力。分析还表明，高铁通过对传统客运铁路的替代效应促进了货运铁路运力的扩张。这些发现为交通规划者优化运营计划以提高各种铁路服务的绩效提供了重要意义。这证实了传统客运铁路的服务削减有助于增加货运铁路的运力。分析还表明，高铁通过对传统客运铁路的替代效应促进了货运铁路运力的扩张。这些发现为交通规划者优化运营计划以提高各种铁路服务的绩效提供了重要意义。