Students’ sense of belonging presents an essential resource for academic and health outcomes, whereas social exclusion at school negatively impacts students’ well-being and academic performance. Aiming to understand how feelings of school-related belonging and exclusion shape the structural brain development, this study applied longitudinal questionnaire-based data and MRI data from 71 adolescent students (37 females, M_age at t1 = 15.0; t2 = 16.1 years). All were white participants from Germany. Voxel-based morphometry revealed only an association of social exclusion (and not of belonging) and gray matter volume in the left anterior insula: From t1 to t2, there was less gray matter decrease, the more social exclusion students perceived. School-related social exclusion and disturbed neurodevelopment are thus significantly associated.

中文翻译：

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学校的归属感和社会排斥会影响青春期的结构性大脑发育吗？

学生的归属感是学业和健康成果的重要资源，而学校的社会排斥会对学生的幸福感和学业成绩产生负面影响。为了了解与学校相关的归属感和排斥感如何影响大脑结构发育，本研究应用了来自 71 名青少年学生（37 名女性，M_年龄）的纵向问卷数据和 MRI 数据在 t1 = 15.0; t2 = 16.1 年）。所有人都是来自德国的白人参与者。基于体素的形态测量仅揭示了左前岛叶的社会排斥（而不是归属）和灰质体积的关联：从 t1 到 t2，灰质减少较少，学生感知到的社会排斥越多。因此，与学校相关的社会排斥和神经发育障碍显着相关。