Using a large sample from the National Institute of Child Health and Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (N = 1,178, 51% were male and 80% were White), the random intercept cross-lagged panel model was employed to unpack the trait and state aspects in the relations between mothers’ depressive symptoms and children’s behavioral problems from age 2 to 15. The transactional predictions among mothers’ depressive symptoms and children’s behavioral problems were largely attributed to their correlations at the underlying trait level (rs = .458–.528). At the state level, the mutual influences among mothers’ depressive symptoms and children’s behavior problems occurred more often during periods of transition. With that said, the child effects hypothesis was not supported.

中文翻译：

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母亲的抑郁症状与儿童的内化和外化行为：检查 2 至 15 岁的互惠特质状态效应

使用来自美国国家儿童健康与发展研究所幼儿保育和青少年发展研究所的大样本（N  = 1,178，51% 为男性，80% 为白人），采用随机截距交叉滞后面板模型来解包母亲抑郁症状与 2 至 15 岁儿童行为问题之间关系的特质和状态方面。母亲抑郁症状和儿童行为问题之间的交易预测很大程度上归因于它们在潜在特质水平上的相关性（rs = .458–.528)。在州一级，母亲的抑郁症状和孩子的行为问题之间的相互影响更多地发生在过渡时期。话虽如此，不支持儿童效应假设。