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High-Power and High-Responsivity Avalanche Photodiodes for Self-Heterodyne FMCW Lidar System Applications
IEEE Access ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-14 , DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3089082
Zohauddin Ahmad , Yan-Min Liao , Sheng-I Kuo , You-Chia Chang , Rui-Lin Chao , Naseem , Yi-Shan Lee , Yung-Jr Hung , Huang-Ming Chen , Jyehong Chen , Jiun-In Guo , Jin-Wei Shi

In this work, we demonstrate the high-power and high-responsivity performance of the dual multiplication (M-) layers in In 0.52 Al 0.48 As based avalanche photodiode (APD). The dual M-layer design in our APD structure effectively constrains the multiplication process to a thin high-field region rather than the whole thick M-layer. It thus minimizes the space charge effect (SCE) within and avoids increasing the tunneling dark current for the case of directly shrinking M-layer thickness in APD. Furthermore, by combining the specially designed mesa shape with this dual M-layer structure, the edge breakdown can be well suppressed. These benefits lead to an ultra-high gain-bandwidth product (450 GHz; 1 A/W at unit gain) and a high saturation current (>12 mA) can be simultaneously achieved in our device. By nonlinearly driving a wavelength sweeping laser in the self-heterodyne lidar setup, it can generate an optical pulse train-like waveform, providing an effective optical modulation depth of 200% to feed into our demonstrated APD at the receiver-end. Under such scheme, the photo-generated RF (1 GHz) power from our APD with a 6.3 A/W responsivity can be as high as +6.95 dBm at a high (7 mA) output photocurrent. Such high-power and high-responsivity characteristics of our APD can further improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and dynamic range performances in each pixel of the lidar image. A high-quality 3-dimensional (D) FMCW lidar image is constructed based on our APD, without the integration of any electrical amplifier at the receiver end.

中文翻译:

用于自外差 FMCW 激光雷达系统应用的高功率和高响应度雪崩光电二极管

在这项工作中,我们展示了 In 0.52 Al 0.48 中双倍增 (M-) 层的高功率和高响应性能 基于雪崩光电二极管(APD)。我们的 APD 结构中的双 M 层设计有效地将倍增过程限制在一个薄的高场区域,而不是整个厚 M 层。因此,它最大限度地减少了内部空间电荷效应(SCE),并避免了在 APD 中直接缩小 M 层厚度的情况下增加隧道暗电流。此外,通过将特殊设计的台面形状与这种双 M 层结构相结合,可以很好地抑制边缘击穿。这些优势导致超高增益带宽积(450 GHz;单位增益为 1 A/W)和高饱和电流 (>12 mA) 可以在我们的设备中同时实现。通过在自外差激光雷达装置中非线性驱动波长扫描激光器,它可以产生类似光脉冲序列的波形,提供 200% 的有效光调制深度,以馈入我们在接收器端演示的 APD。在这种方案下,具有 6.3 A/W 响应度​​的 APD 的光生射频 (1 GHz) 功率在高 (7 mA) 输出光电流下可高达 +6.95 dBm。我们的 APD 的这种高功率和高响应特性可以进一步提高激光雷达图像每个像素的信噪比 (S/N) 和动态范围性能。基于我们的 APD 构建了高质量的 3 维 (D) FMCW 激光雷达图像,在接收端没有集成任何电子放大器。我们的 APD 的这种高功率和高响应特性可以进一步提高激光雷达图像每个像素的信噪比 (S/N) 和动态范围性能。基于我们的 APD 构建了高质量的 3 维 (D) FMCW 激光雷达图像,在接收端没有集成任何电子放大器。我们的 APD 的这种高功率和高响应特性可以进一步提高激光雷达图像每个像素的信噪比 (S/N) 和动态范围性能。基于我们的 APD 构建了高质量的 3 维 (D) FMCW 激光雷达图像,在接收端没有集成任何电子放大器。
更新日期:2021-06-22
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