To better study and manage chestnut trees and species, we identified nuclear single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using restriction-associated DNA sequencing. Out of 343 loci tested, 68 SNP markers were selected that withhold stringent quality criteria such as quasi-systematic amplification across species and Mendelian segregation in both purebred and hybrid individuals. They provide sufficient power for species, hybrids and backcross characterization as well as for clonal identification, as shown by a comparison with single sequenced repeat (SSR) loci.

中文翻译：

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开发高度验证的用于板栗物种遗传分析的 SNP 标记

为了更好地研究和管理栗树和物种，我们使用限制性相关 DNA 测序鉴定了核单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记。在测试的 343 个基因座中，选择了 68 个 SNP 标记，这些标记不符合严格的质量标准，例如跨物种的准系统扩增和纯种和杂种个体的孟德尔分离。它们为物种、杂种和回交表征以及克隆鉴定提供了足够的能力，如与单序列重复 (SSR) 基因座的比较所示。