An antibacterial wound dressing hydrogel was synthesized from biopolymers and a semiconductor nanomaterial by gamma irradiation, and applied in a simulated environment. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/agar hydrogel was chosen due to its biocompatibility and good swelling to absorb wound exudates and make a moist environment to accelerate the wound healing process. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and combined with the hydrogel due to their antibacterial activity as a wound dressing aid and the hydrophilic nature to enhance swelling capacity by facilitating water flow in the hydrogel. Hydrogel samples based on PVA/agar containing low amounts of zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared by gamma irradiation to meet all the requirements of a wound dressing. Water absorption, swelling behavior and pH sensitivity were studied and showed an excellent water swelling capacity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV–Vis spectroscopy analyses were employed, where dispersion state of nanoparticles played a key role. Antibacterial activity mechanisms and the resistance to gram-positive bacteria were tested by the disk diffusion method, and the developed hydrogel revealed resistance against gram-positive bacteria. A cone and plate rheometer was used to capture the rheological response of hydrogel. Reduction in viscosity and elastic modulus was due to increasing the amount of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Analyses on mechanical properties approved that hydrogels had enough strength for wound dressing to resist tear once stretched.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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在电子束照射下实现的聚乙烯醇 (PVA)/氧化锌纳米颗粒伤口敷料的合成、流变学表征和抗菌活性

由生物聚合物和半导体纳米材料通过伽马辐射合成抗菌伤口敷料水凝胶，并应用于模拟环境。选择聚乙烯醇（PVA）/琼脂水凝胶是因为它具有生物相容性和良好的溶胀性，可以吸收伤口渗出液并创造潮湿环境以加速伤口愈合过程。氧化锌纳米粒子被合成并与水凝胶结合，因为它们具有作为伤口敷料辅助剂的抗菌活性和亲水性，可通过促进水凝胶中的水流动来增强膨胀能力。基于含有少量氧化锌纳米颗粒的 PVA/琼脂水凝胶样品通过伽马辐射制备，以满足伤口敷料的所有要求。吸水率，研究了溶胀行为和 pH 敏感性，并显示出优异的水溶胀能力。使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和 UV-Vis 光谱分析，其中纳米粒子的分散状态起着关键作用。通过圆盘扩散法测试抗菌活性机制和对革兰氏阳性菌的抵抗力，开发的水凝胶显示出对革兰氏阳性菌的抵抗力。锥板流变仪用于捕获水凝胶的流变响应。粘度和弹性模量的降低是由于氧化锌纳米颗粒的量增加。对机械性能的分析证实，水凝胶具有足够的强度，可以让伤口敷料在拉伸后抵抗撕裂。使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和 UV-Vis 光谱分析，其中纳米粒子的分散状态起着关键作用。通过圆盘扩散法测试抗菌活性机制和对革兰氏阳性菌的抵抗力，开发的水凝胶显示出对革兰氏阳性菌的抵抗力。锥板流变仪用于捕获水凝胶的流变响应。粘度和弹性模量的降低是由于氧化锌纳米颗粒的量增加。对机械性能的分析证实，水凝胶具有足够的强度，可以让伤口敷料在拉伸后抵抗撕裂。使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和 UV-Vis 光谱分析，其中纳米粒子的分散状态起着关键作用。通过圆盘扩散法测试抗菌活性机制和对革兰氏阳性菌的抵抗力，开发的水凝胶显示出对革兰氏阳性菌的抵抗力。锥板流变仪用于捕获水凝胶的流变响应。粘度和弹性模量的降低是由于氧化锌纳米颗粒的量增加。对机械性能的分析证实，水凝胶具有足够的强度，可以让伤口敷料在拉伸后抵抗撕裂。开发的水凝胶显示出对革兰氏阳性菌的抵抗力。锥板流变仪用于捕获水凝胶的流变响应。粘度和弹性模量的降低是由于氧化锌纳米颗粒的量增加。对机械性能的分析证实，水凝胶具有足够的强度，可以让伤口敷料在拉伸后抵抗撕裂。开发的水凝胶显示出对革兰氏阳性菌的抵抗力。锥板流变仪用于捕获水凝胶的流变响应。粘度和弹性模量的降低是由于氧化锌纳米颗粒的量增加。对机械性能的分析证实，水凝胶具有足够的强度，可以让伤口敷料在拉伸后抵抗撕裂。

图形摘要