Face-to-face (F2F) embodied interaction is the initial ingredient of interaction ritual (IR), the buildup of shared emotion, mutual focus of attention, and rhythmic entrainment that produces interpersonal solidarity. What happens when a natural experiment (the COVID-19 epidemic) prevents most F2F encounters or limits the modes of micro-interactional communication by masking? The paper examines evidence of the effects of masking and social distancing on public behavior, family life, remote schooling and remote work, prohibition of large audiences and assemblies, and attempts to substitute non-embodied electronic media. Most effects are consistent with IR theory predictions.

中文翻译：

---

社会疏远是对团结的微观社会学的重要测试

面对面 (F2F) 具身互动是互动仪式 (IR) 的初始成分，是共同情感的积累、相互关注的焦点以及产生人际团结的有节奏的引导。当自然实验（COVID-19 流行病）通过屏蔽阻止大多数 F2F 遭遇或限制微交互通信模式时会发生什么？该论文研究了戴面具和社交距离对公共行为、家庭生活、远程教育和远程工作、禁止大量观众和集会以及试图替代非实体电子媒体的影响的证据。大多数效果与 IR 理论预测一致。