Charles Sanders Peirce is best known as the founder of pragmatism, but the name that he preferred for his overall system of thought was “synechism” because the principle of continuity was its central thesis. He considered time to be the paradigmatic example and often wrote about its various aspects while discussing other topics. This essay draws from many of those widely scattered texts to formulate a distinctively Peircean philosophy of time, incorporating extensive quotations into a comprehensive and coherent synthesis. Time is not an existential subject with past, present, and future as its incompatible predicates, but rather a real law enabling things to possess contrary qualities at its different determinations, and Peirce identifies four classes of such states based on when and how they are realized. Because time is continuous, it is not composed of instants, and even the present is an indefinite lapse during which we are directly aware of constant change. The accomplished past is perpetually growing as the possibilities and conditional necessities of the future are actualized at the present, and the entire universe evolves from being utterly indeterminate toward being absolutely determinate. Nevertheless, time must return into itself even if events are limited to only a portion of it, a paradox that is resolved with the aid of projective geometry. Temporal synechism thus touches on a broad spectrum of philosophical issues including mathematics, phenomenology, logic, and metaphysics.

查尔斯·桑德斯·皮尔斯最著名的是实用主义的创始人，但他更喜欢将其整个思想体系命名为“协同主义”，因为连续性原则是其核心论点。他认为时间是典型的例子，并经常在讨论其他主题时写下它的各个方面。这篇文章从那些广泛散布的文本中汲取灵感，形成了一种独特的皮尔士时间哲学，将广泛的引文纳入一个全面而连贯的综合中。时间不是一个以过去、现在和未来作为其不相容谓词的存在主体，而是一种真实的规律，使事物在其不同的规定中具有相反的性质，皮尔士根据它们何时以及如何实现，将这种状态分为四类. 因为时间是连续的，它不是由瞬间组成的，即使是现在也是无限期的流逝，在此期间我们直接意识到不断的变化。随着未来的可能性和有条件的必然性在当下实现，已成就的过去不断增长，整个宇宙从完全不确定向绝对确定发展。然而，即使事件仅限于时间的一部分，时间也必须回归自身，这一悖论在射影几何的帮助下得以解决。因此，时间协同论涉及广泛的哲学问题，包括数学、现象学、逻辑学和形而上学。随着未来的可能性和有条件的必然性在当下实现，已成就的过去不断增长，整个宇宙从完全不确定向绝对确定发展。然而，即使事件仅限于时间的一部分，时间也必须回归自身，这一悖论在射影几何的帮助下得以解决。因此，时间协同论涉及广泛的哲学问题，包括数学、现象学、逻辑学和形而上学。随着未来的可能性和有条件的必然性在当下实现，已成就的过去不断增长，整个宇宙从完全不确定向绝对确定发展。然而，即使事件仅限于时间的一部分，时间也必须回归自身，这一悖论在射影几何的帮助下得以解决。因此，时间协同论涉及广泛的哲学问题，包括数学、现象学、逻辑学和形而上学。借助射影几何解决了一个悖论。因此，时间协同论涉及广泛的哲学问题，包括数学、现象学、逻辑学和形而上学。借助射影几何解决了一个悖论。因此，时间协同论涉及广泛的哲学问题，包括数学、现象学、逻辑学和形而上学。