As in other OECD countries, women in New Zealand earn substantially less than men with similar observable characteristics. In this paper, we use fifteen years of linked employer-employee data to examine different explanations for this gender wage gap. We find an overall gender wage gap between 20 and 28 percent, of which gender differences in sorting across occupations explain 9, across industries 16 to 19, and across firms 5 to 9 percent, respectively. The remaining within-firm gender wage gap is still between 13 and 17 percent. Around 5 percentage points of this are explained by women being less willing to bargain or less successful at bargaining to capture firm-specific rents. Gender differences in productivity also explain at most 4.5 percentage points of this remaining gap. These results suggest that taste discrimination is also important for explaining why women are paid less than their relative contribution to firm output. Across-industry and over-time variation in the gender wage-productivity gap further support this conclusion.

中文翻译：

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是什么导致了性别工资差距？检查排序、生产力差异、讨价还价和歧视的作用

与其他经合组织国家一样，新西兰女性的收入远低于具有类似可观察特征的男性。在本文中，我们使用 15 年的雇主-雇员相关数据来检验对这种性别工资差距的不同解释。我们发现总体性别工资差距在 20% 到 28% 之间，其中职业分类中的性别差异分别解释了 9、行业 16 到 19 和公司之间的性别差异分别为 5% 到 9%。其余的公司内部性别工资差距仍在 13% 至 17% 之间。其中大约 5 个百分点的原因是女性不太愿意讨价还价或不太成功地讨价还价以获取公司特定的租金。生产力方面的性别差异也最多解释了这一剩余差距的 4.5 个百分点。这些结果表明，品味歧视对于解释为什么女性的薪酬低于她们对公司产出的相对贡献也很重要。性别工资生产率差距的跨行业和随时间变化进一步支持了这一结论。