Abstract

The study aimed to determine the levels of selected polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in human milk and characterize the risk for breastfed infants using EFSA and U.S. EPA methodologies. The predominant PBDEs for which EFSA and U.S. EPA established toxicological reference values have been selected for evaluation. Concentrations of BDE-47, BDE-99 and BDE-153 were determined in breast milk samples from 25 mothers living in Poland. The estimated daily intakes of PBDEs for breastfed infants were calculated based on the results of PBDE concentrations obtained for each case and for the mean concentrations of the analyzed compounds. The estimated infants' daily intake of PBDEs from human milk was below U.S. EPA RfD, therefore not considered a health risk. In calculations according to approach applying MOEs (EFSA), we indicated a potential health concern with respect to exposure of infants to BDE-99. The calculated results based on the available methodologies do not provide clear information for the purposes of consumer safety assessment regarding exposure to the BDE-99 congener. Present study indicates the necessity to develop an internationally harmonized strategy for assessing the risk posed by polybrominated diphenyl ethers, especially for breast-fed infants.

摘要

该研究旨在确定母乳中选定的多溴二苯醚 (PBDE) 的含量，并使用 EFSA 和美国 EPA 方法表征母乳喂养婴儿的风险。已经选择了 EFSA 和美国环保署为其建立毒理学参考值的主要多溴二苯醚进行评估。在来自波兰 25 位母亲的母乳样本中测定了 BDE-47、BDE-99 和 BDE-153 的浓度。母乳喂养婴儿的 PBDE 每日估计摄入量是根据每个案例获得的 PBDE 浓度结果和所分析化合物的平均浓度计算得出的。估计婴儿每天从母乳中摄入的多溴二苯醚低于美国环保署的 RfD，因此不被视为健康风险。在根据应用 MOE (EFSA) 方法的计算中，我们指出婴儿接触 BDE-99 存在潜在的健康问题。基于现有方法的计算结果并没有为消费者安全评估的目的提供关于接触 BDE-99 同系物的明确信息。目前的研究表明，有必要制定一项国际统一的战略来评估多溴二苯醚带来的风险，尤其是对母乳喂养的婴儿。