We show that the nature of the topological fluctuations in $SU(3)$ gauge theory changes drastically at the finite temperature phase transition. Starting from temperatures right above the phase transition, topological fluctuations come in well separated lumps of unit charges that form a noninteracting ideal gas. Our analysis is based on a novel method to count not only the net topological charge but also separately the number of positively and negatively charged lumps in lattice configurations using the spectrum of the overlap Dirac operator. This enables us to determine the joint distribution of the number of positively and negatively charged topological objects, and we find this distribution to be consistent with that of an ideal gas of unit charged topological objects.

中文翻译：

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SU(3)规范理论高温相的理想拓扑气体

我们证明了拓扑波动的性质 $秒你(3)$规范理论在有限温度相变处发生剧烈变化。从刚好高于相变的温度开始，拓扑波动以分离良好的单位电荷块形式出现，形成非相互作用的理想气体。我们的分析基于一种新方法，不仅可以计算净拓扑电荷，还可以使用重叠狄拉克算子的频谱分别计算晶格配置中带正电荷和负电荷的团块的数量。这使我们能够确定带正电荷和带负电荷的拓扑物体数量的联合分布，并且我们发现这种分布与单位带电拓扑物体的理想气体的分布一致。