Dishonesty in communication has important economic implications. The standing literature have shown that lying is less pervasive than predicted by standard economic theory. We explore whether biology can help to explain this behavior. In particular, we study whether masculine traits are related to lying and deception in a sender-receiver game. The three masculine traits we study (the second-to-fourth digit ratio, facial morphometric masculinity and the facial width-to-height ratio) have a significant and nuanced association with honesty in strategic communication. These effects operate mostly through social preferences rather than through beliefs about the behavior of receivers.

中文翻译：

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 男子气概和谎言


沟通中的不诚实具有重要的经济影响。现有文献表明，撒谎并不像标准经济理论预测的那样普遍。我们探讨生物学是否可以帮助解释这种行为。我们特别研究了男性特质是否与发送者-接收者游戏中的谎言和欺骗有关。我们研究的三个男性特征（第二指与第四指的比例、面部形态男性气质和面部宽高比）与战略沟通中的诚实有着显着而微妙的关联。这些影响主要是通过社会偏好而不是通过对接收者行为的信念来发挥作用。