Metabolic disorders may lead to the inactive ovaries of dairy cows during early lactation. However, the detailed metabolic profile of dairy cows with inactive ovaries around 55 days postpartum has not been clearly elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate metabolic difference in cows with inactive ovaries and estrus from the perspective of serum metabolites. Serum samples were analyzed using GC-TOF-MS and UHPLC-QTOF-MS and were collected from 15 dairy cows in estrus and 15 dairy cows with inactive ovaries at 55–60 d postpartum. Differences in serum metabolites were identified using multivariate statistical analysis and univariate analysis. Thirty differentially abundant metabolites were identified between the two groups. In cows with inactive ovaries compared with cows in estrus, 20 serum metabolites were significantly higher while 10 metabolites were significantly lower. Pathway analysis indicated that the serum differential metabolites of multiparous cows in estrus obtained by the two metabolomics techniques were mainly involved in β-alanine metabolism and steroid biosynthesis metabolism, while other involved metabolic pathways were related to metabolism of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; fructose and mannose; glutathione; glycerolipid; glycine, serine, and threonine; propanoate; retinol; and pyrimidine. This indicates that the abnormalities in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and glutathione metabolism of postpartum dairy cows obstructed follicular development.

中文翻译：

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基于 GC/MS 和 LC/MS 的卵巢不活动奶牛血清代谢组学分析

代谢紊乱可能导致泌乳早期奶牛的卵巢不活跃。然而，在产后 55 天左右卵巢不活动的奶牛的详细代谢特征尚未清楚阐明。本研究的目的是从血清代谢物的角度研究卵巢和发情不活跃的奶牛的代谢差异。使用 GC-TOF-MS 和 UHPLC-QTOF-MS 分析血清样品，并从 15 头发情奶牛和 15 头产后 55-60 天卵巢不活动的奶牛收集。使用多变量统计分析和单变量分析确定血清代谢物的差异。在两组之间鉴定了 30 种不同丰度的代谢物。与处于发情期的奶牛相比，卵巢不活跃的奶牛，20 种血清代谢物显着升高，而 10 种代谢物显着降低。通路分析表明，两种代谢组学技术获得的经产母牛血清差异代谢物主要参与β-丙氨酸代谢和类固醇生物合成代谢，其他参与代谢途径与乙醛酸代谢和二羧酸代谢有关；果糖和甘露糖；谷胱甘肽；甘油脂; 甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸；丙酸盐; 视黄醇; 和嘧啶。这说明产后奶牛糖代谢、脂代谢、氨基酸代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢异常阻碍了卵泡发育。通路分析表明，两种代谢组学技术获得的经产母牛血清差异代谢物主要参与β-丙氨酸代谢和类固醇生物合成代谢，其他参与代谢途径与乙醛酸代谢和二羧酸代谢有关；果糖和甘露糖；谷胱甘肽；甘油脂; 甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸；丙酸盐; 视黄醇; 和嘧啶。这说明产后奶牛糖代谢、脂代谢、氨基酸代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢异常阻碍了卵泡发育。通路分析表明，两种代谢组学技术获得的经产母牛血清差异代谢物主要参与β-丙氨酸代谢和类固醇生物合成代谢，其他参与代谢途径与乙醛酸代谢和二羧酸代谢有关；果糖和甘露糖；谷胱甘肽；甘油脂; 甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸；丙酸盐; 视黄醇; 和嘧啶。这说明产后奶牛糖代谢、脂代谢、氨基酸代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢异常阻碍了卵泡发育。而其他涉及的代谢途径与乙醛酸代谢和二羧酸代谢有关；果糖和甘露糖；谷胱甘肽；甘油脂; 甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸；丙酸盐; 视黄醇; 和嘧啶。这说明产后奶牛糖代谢、脂代谢、氨基酸代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢异常阻碍了卵泡发育。而其他涉及的代谢途径与乙醛酸代谢和二羧酸代谢有关；果糖和甘露糖；谷胱甘肽；甘油脂; 甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸；丙酸盐; 视黄醇; 和嘧啶。这说明产后奶牛糖代谢、脂代谢、氨基酸代谢、谷胱甘肽代谢异常阻碍了卵泡发育。