The growing loss of soil functionality due to contamination by metal(loid)s, alone or in combination with organic pollutants, is a global environmental issue that entails major risks to ecosystems and human health. Consequently, the management and restructuring of large meta(loid)-polluted areas through sustainable nature-based solutions is currently a priority in research programs and legislation worldwide. Over the last few years, phytomanagement has emerged as a promising phytotechnology, focused on the use of plants and associated microorganisms, together with ad hoc site management practices, for an economically viable and ecologically sustainable recovery of contaminated sites. It promotes simultaneously the recovery of soil ecological functions and the decrease of pollutant linkages, while providing economic revenues, e.g. by producing non-food crops for biomass-processing technologies (biofuel and bioenergy sector, ecomaterials, biosourced-chemistry, etc.), thus contributing to the international demand for sustainable and renewable sources of energy and raw materials for the bioeconomy. Potential environmental benefits also include the provision of valuable ecosystem services such as water drainage management, soil erosion deterrence, C sequestration, regulation of nutrient cycles, xenobiotic biodegradation, and metal(loid) stabilization. Phytomanagement relies on the proper selection of (i) plants and (ii) microbial inoculants with the capacity to behave as powerful plant allies, e.g. PGPB: plant growth-promoting bacteria, and MF: mycorrhizal fungi. This review gives an up-to-date overview of the main annual, perennial and woody crops (as well as the most adequate cropping systems) presently used to phytomanage metal(loid)-contaminated soils, and the relevant products and ecosystems services provided by the various phytomanagement options. Suitable bioaugmentation practices with PGPB and MF are also discussed. Furthermore, we identify the potential interest of phytomanagement for stakeholders and end-users and highlight future opportunities boosted by an effective engagement between environmental protection and economic development. We conclude by presenting the legal and regulatory framework of soil remediation and by discussing prospects for phytotechnologies applications in the future.

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金属（活体）污染土壤的植物管理：选择、效率和价值

由于金属（类）污染，单独或与有机污染物结合，土壤功能日益丧失，是一个全球环境问题，给生态系统和人类健康带来重大风险。因此，通过可持续的基于自然的解决方案对大型元（类）污染区域进行管理和重组，目前是全球研究计划和立法的优先事项。在过去的几年中，植物管理已成为一种很有前途的植物技术，它侧重于植物和相关微生物的使用，以及专门的场地管理实践，以在经济上可行且生态上可持续地恢复受污染场地。它同时促进土壤生态功能的恢复和污染物联系的减少，同时提供经济收入，例如 通过为生物质加工技术（生物燃料和生物能源部门、生态材料、生物源化学等）生产非粮食作物，从而促进国际对可持续和可再生能源和生物经济原材料的需求。潜在的环境效益还包括提供有价值的生态系统服务，例如排水管理、土壤侵蚀威慑、碳封存、养分循环调节、外源生物降解和金属（类）稳定化。植物管理依赖于正确选择 (i) 植物和 (ii) 具有强大植物盟友能力的微生物接种剂，例如 PGPB：植物生长促进细菌和 MF：菌根真菌。本次审查提供了主要年度的最新概述，目前用于对受金属（类）污染土壤进行植物管理的多年生和木本作物（以及最适宜的种植系统），以及各种植物管理选项提供的相关产品和生态系统服务。还讨论了适当的 PGPB 和 MF 生物强化实践。此外，我们确定了利益相关者和最终用户对植物管理的潜在兴趣，并强调了环境保护和经济发展之间有效参与所带来的未来机会。我们最后介绍了土壤修复的法律和监管框架，并讨论了未来植物技术应用的前景。以及各种植物管理选项提供的相关产品和生态系统服务。还讨论了适当的 PGPB 和 MF 生物强化实践。此外，我们确定了利益相关者和最终用户对植物管理的潜在兴趣，并强调了环境保护和经济发展之间有效参与所带来的未来机会。我们最后介绍了土壤修复的法律和监管框架，并讨论了未来植物技术应用的前景。以及各种植物管理选项提供的相关产品和生态系统服务。还讨论了适当的 PGPB 和 MF 生物强化实践。此外，我们确定了利益相关者和最终用户对植物管理的潜在兴趣，并强调了环境保护和经济发展之间有效参与所带来的未来机会。我们最后介绍了土壤修复的法律和监管框架，并讨论了未来植物技术应用的前景。我们为利益相关者和最终用户确定植物管理的潜在利益，并强调环境保护和经济发展之间的有效参与所推动的未来机会。我们最后介绍了土壤修复的法律和监管框架，并讨论了未来植物技术应用的前景。我们为利益相关者和最终用户确定植物管理的潜在利益，并强调环境保护和经济发展之间的有效参与所推动的未来机会。我们最后介绍了土壤修复的法律和监管框架，并讨论了未来植物技术应用的前景。