Due to the high proportion of renewable energies, traditional voltage regulation methods such as on-load tap changers (OLTCs) and switching capacitors (SCs) are currently facing the challenge of providing fast, step-less, and low-cost reactive power to reduce the increasing risks of voltage violations in distribution networks (DNs). To meet such increasing demand for voltage regulation, smart inverters, including photovoltaics (PVs) and electric vehicle (EV) chargers, stand out as a feasible approach for reactive power compensation. This paper aims to assess the voltage violation risks in DNs considering the reactive power response of smart inverters. Firstly, reactive power compensation models of PVs and EV chargers are investigated and voltage deviation indexes of the regulation results are proposed. Moreover, kernel density estimation (KDE) and slice sampling are adopted to provide the PV output and EV charging demand samples. Then, the risk assessment is carried out with a voltage regulation model utilizing OLTCs, SCs, and available smart inverters. Numerical studies demonstrate that the reactive power support from smart inverters can significantly mitigate the voltage violation risks and reduce the switching and cost of OLTCs and capacitors in DNs.

中文翻译：

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考虑配电网智能逆变器提供的无功补偿的电压违规评估

由于可再生能源占比高，有载分接开关（OLTC）和开关电容器（SC）等传统调压方法目前面临着提供快速、无级、低成本的无功功率以降低无功功率的挑战。配电网络 (DN) 中电压违规的风险不断增加。为了满足日益增长的电压调节需求，包括光伏 (PV) 和电动汽车 (EV) 充电器在内的智能逆变器作为一种可行的无功功率补偿方法脱颖而出。本文旨在评估考虑智能逆变器无功响应的 DN 中的电压违规风险。首先，研究了光伏和电动汽车充电机的无功补偿模型，提出了调节结果的电压偏差指标。而且，采用核密度估计（KDE）和切片采样来提供 PV 输出和 EV 充电需求样本。然后，使用 OLTC、SC 和可用智能逆变器的电压调节模型进行风险评估。数值研究表明，智能逆变器的无功功率支持可以显着降低电压违规风险，并降低 DN 中 OLTC 和电容器的开关和成本。