This paper aims to quantify the evolution of damage in masonry walls under induced seismicity. A damage index equation, which is a function of the evolution of shear slippage and opening of the mortar joints, as well as of the drift ratio of masonry walls, was proposed herein. Initially, a dataset of experimental tests from in-plane quasi-static and cyclic tests on masonry walls was considered. The experimentally obtained crack patterns were investigated and their correlation with damage propagation was studied. Using a software based on the Distinct Element Method, a numerical model was developed and validated against full-scale experimental tests obtained from the literature. Wall panels representing common typologies of house façades of unreinforced masonry buildings in Northern Europe i.e. near the Groningen gas field in the Netherlands, were numerically investigated. The accumulated damage within the seismic response of the masonry walls was investigated by means of representative harmonic load excitations and an incremental dynamic analysis based on induced seismicity records from Groningen region. The ability of this index to capture different damage situations is demonstrated. The proposed methodology could also be applied to quantify damage and accumulation in masonry during strong earthquakes and aftershocks too.

本文旨在量化诱发地震活动下砌体墙体损伤的演变。本文提出了一种损伤指数方程，它是砂浆接缝剪切滑移和开度以及砌体墙体漂移比的函数。最初，考虑了砌体墙上平面内准静态和循环测试的实验测试数据集。研究了实验获得的裂纹模式，并研究了它们与损伤传播的相关性。使用基于不同元素方法的软件，开发了一个数值模型，并针对从文献中获得的全尺寸实验测试进行了验证。代表北欧无钢筋砌体建筑房屋外墙常见类型的墙板，即荷兰格罗宁根气田附近，进行了数值研究。基于格罗宁根地区的诱发地震活动记录，通过具有代表性的谐波载荷激励和增量动态分析，研究了砌体墙地震响应内的累积损伤。展示了该指数捕捉不同损坏情况的能力。所提出的方法也可用于量化强地震和余震期间砌体的损坏和堆积。