Compared with far-developed measures and methods for mono-specific forest stands, the silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species stands are at their early beginning. However, they are essential for the well-conceived establishment, design, and control of mixed-species stands, currently promoted in many countries worldwide. Here, we review the state of the art and we further develop silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species stands for steering of experiments, stand modeling, and silviculture. We review which aspects of tree species mixing are most relevant for management goal achievement. We found the maintenance of species diversity and structural heterogeneity for ecological purpose, stabilizing productivity, and social-economic performance as main objectives. We give an overview of quantitatively formulated silvicultural prescriptions for steering mixed-species stands for forest practice, long-term experiments, forest stand models. Compared with the sophisticated guidelines for mono-specific stands, prescriptions for mixed stand are often mainly qualitative and vague. Then, we introduce methodological approaches in development for steering mixture: measures for spatial and temporal separation, species-specific growing space requirements for crop trees, coefficients for equivalence and density modification, and basic relationships for steering tree number and area-based mixing proportions. Finally, we draw conclusions for further development of methodological approaches for silvicultural steering of experiments, implementation in stand simulators, and for silvicultural operations. We see the need for improving the quantitative spatially explicit rules based at tree or cohort level, for substantiating the knowledge on species-specific allometry, growing area, tree-to-tree distances, and position-dependent competition indices for steering tree removal. We discuss the prospects and limitations of establishing silvicultural prescriptions for mixed-species stands that inevitably will be more complicated than those for mono-specific stands, and we draw conclusions for next steps in science and practice.

相对于早已成熟的单一林分措施和方法，混交林分的造林处方还处于起步阶段。然而，它们对于精心设计的混合物种林分的建立、设计和控制至关重要，目前在全球许多国家推广。在这里，我们回顾了最先进的技术，并进一步开发了混合物种林分的造林处方，用于指导实验、林分建模和造林。我们回顾了树种混合的哪些方面与管理目标的实现最相关。我们发现以生态目的、稳定生产力和社会经济绩效为主要目标的物种多样性和结构异质性的维护。我们概述了用于指导森林实践、长期实验、林分模型的混合物种林分的定量制定的造林处方。与单一特定林分的复杂指南相比，混合林分的规定通常主要是定性和模糊的。然后，我们介绍了转向混合开发的方法论方法：空间和时间分离的措施、作物树木的特定物种生长空间要求、等效和密度修改系数，以及转向树数量和基于区域的混合比例的基本关系。最后，我们得出结论，以进一步开发营林指导实验、在林分模拟器中实施和营林操作的方法论方法。我们认为需要改进基于树或队列级别的定量空间显性规则，以证实有关特定物种异速生长、生长面积、树到树距离和位置相关竞争指数的知识，以去除转向树。我们讨论了为混合物种林分制定造林处方的前景和局限性，这些处方不可避免地比单一特定林分更复杂，并为科学和实践的下一步得出结论。