Environmental Science and Pollution Research Pub Date : 2021-06-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14901-7 Aliya Fazal 1 , Zhongling Wen 1 , Minkai Yang 1 , Yonghui Liao 1 , Jiangyan Fu 1 , Cong He 1 , Xuan Wang 1 , Wencai Jie 1 , Farman Ali 1 , Dongqing Hu 1 , Tongming Yin 2 , Zhi Hong 1 , Guihua Lu 1, 3 , Jinliang Qi 1, 2 , Yonghua Yang 1, 2
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Genetically engineered (GE) maize has been thoroughly studied regarding its agro-environmental impact; however, its concerns for the soil environment remain. This work was aimed to decode rhizosphere microbe interactions and potential ecological hazards associated with GE maize. Rhizobacterial communities of field grown transgenic insect-resistant 2A5 maize carrying mcry1Ab and mcry2Ab genes were compared with control Z58 using PacBio sequencing platform. Also full-length 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to verify the partial (V3–V4) sequencing results obtained in 2017. Measures of α-diversity displayed transgenic 2A5 to be significantly lower in species richness at the flowering stage; however, diversity remained undisturbed. β-diversity was least affected by genetic modifications where similar community profiles were shared by transgenic 2A5 and control Z58. In addition, root exudation patterns were found to drive variations in bacterial assemblages based on developmental stages. For example, genus Massilia successfully colonized the rhizosphere at jointing stage, while Mucilaginobacter showed higher relative abundance in flowering stages of both 2A5 and Z58. These members are known to possess attributes related to plant growth. The impact of dual-transgene insertion on nifH gene abundance was also analyzed where no apparent significant difference in nifH gene copy number was observed. Our results confirmed that full-length 16S rDNA sequencing was sufficient to provide higher taxonomic resolution. Also, results of our 2-year field trials confirmed that there is no significant impact of mcry gene integration on belowground biomasses. Therefore, GE insect-resistant 2A5 maize carrying mcry1Ab and mcry2Ab genes can continue to benefit human populations by increasing crop productivity. In future, further research needs to be catalyzed to analyze the impact of Bt-insertion on microbial community structure across the years for ecosystem sustainability.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
破译携带 mcry 基因的转基因玉米影响下的根际细菌组合
已经对转基因 (GE) 玉米的农业环境影响进行了深入研究；然而，它对土壤环境的关注仍然存在。这项工作旨在解码与转基因玉米相关的根际微生物相互作用和潜在的生态危害。田间种植的携带mcry1Ab和mcry2Ab 的转基因抗虫 2A5 玉米的根际细菌群落使用 PacBio 测序平台将基因与对照 Z58 进行比较。全长16S rDNA基因测序也用于验证2017年获得的部分（V3-V4）测序结果。α-多样性测量显示转基因2A5在开花期物种丰富度显着降低；然而，多样性并未受到干扰。β-多样性受遗传修饰的影响最小，其中转基因 2A5 和对照 Z58 共享相似的群落特征。此外，发现根系分泌模式会根据发育阶段驱动细菌组合的变化。例如，Massilia属在拔节期成功定植于根际，而Mucilaginobacter在 2A5 和 Z58 的开花阶段显示出较高的相对丰度。已知这些成员具有与植物生长相关的属性。还分析了双转基因插入对nif H 基因丰度的影响，其中观察到nif H 基因拷贝数没有明显的显着差异。我们的结果证实，全长 16S rDNA 测序足以提供更高的分类分辨率。此外，我们为期 2 年的田间试验结果证实，mcry基因整合对地下生物量没有显着影响。因此，携带mcry1Ab和mcry2Ab的转基因抗虫2A5玉米基因可以通过提高作物生产力继续造福于人类。未来，需要进一步开展研究，以分析多年来Bt插入对微生物群落结构的影响，以实现生态系统的可持续性。
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