Objective Subtle cognitive deficits can occur during the prodromal phase of Parkinson’s disease (PD), commonly in conjunction with hyposmia. However, little is known about the association between cognitive function and other features suggestive of prodromal PD. We evaluated the association of non-motor prodromal PD features, including hyposmia, constipation and probable REM sleep behaviour disorder (pRBD), with objective measures of cognitive function and self-reported cognitive decline. Methods The study population comprised 804 men who responded to a telephone cognitive interview in 2016–2017. Participants included 680 individuals with hyposmia, of whom 45 had confirmed PD, and 124 men without hyposmia. Among these men, we evaluated objective cognitive function and subjective cognitive decline to determine whether the presence of non-motor features of prodromal PD was associated with cognitive functioning. Analyses were adjusted for age, physical activity, body mass index, smoking status and coffee consumption. Results Individuals with non-motor features of prodromal PD had worse objective and subjective cognitive performance relative to men without non-motor features. Cognitive impairment was particularly prevalent among individuals with concurrent hyposmia, pRBD and constipation (multivariate-adjusted OR=3.80; 95% CI 1.52 to 9.47 for objective poor cognitive function; OR=8.71; 95% CI 3.18 to 23.83 for subjective cognitive decline). As expected, both objective (OR=7.91) and subjective (OR=17.42) cognitive impairment were also more common among men with confirmed PD. Conclusions Our study suggests that cognition is commonly affected in individuals with non-motor prodromal PD features, particularly when multiple of these features are present. Data are available on reasonable request. Data, methods and materials used to conduct this research article were carefully documented. Data will be shared at the request of other investigators for purposes of replicating procedures and results.

中文翻译：

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帕金森病非运动特征男性的认知功能

目的帕金森病 (PD) 的前驱期可能会出现轻微的认知缺陷，通常与嗅觉减退有关。然而，关于认知功能与其他提示前驱 PD 的特征之间的关联知之甚少。我们评估了非运动前驱 PD 特征（包括嗅觉减退、便秘和可能的 REM 睡眠行为障碍 (pRBD)）与认知功能的客观测量和自我报告的认知下降之间的关联。方法 研究人群包括 804 名男性，他们在 2016-2017 年间接受了电话认知访谈。参与者包括 680 名嗅觉减退患者，其中 45 人确诊为 PD，124 名男性没有嗅觉减退。在这些男人中，我们评估了客观认知功能和主观认知能力下降，以确定前驱 PD 的非运动特征的存在是否与认知功能相关。对年龄、体力活动、体重指数、吸烟状况和咖啡消耗量的分析进行了调整。结果 与没有非运动特征的男性相比，具有非运动特征的前驱 PD 个体的客观和主观认知表现较差。认知障碍在同时患有嗅觉减退、pRBD 和便秘的个体中尤为普遍（多变量调整的 OR=3.80；客观认知功能差的 95% CI 1.52 至 9.47；OR=8.71；主观认知能力下降的 95% CI 3.18 至 23.83）。正如预期的那样，客观 (OR=7.91) 和主观 (OR=17. 42) 认知障碍在确诊 PD 的男性中也更为常见。结论 我们的研究表明，在具有非运动前驱 PD 特征的个体中，认知通常会受到影响，尤其是当存在多个这些特征时。可根据合理要求提供数据。用于开展这篇研究文章的数据、方法和材料都经过仔细记录。数据将应其他调查人员的要求共享，以复制程序和结果。