ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed grave structural faults in our global institutional architecture. We argue that political energies should now be focused on three main areas where transformative reorganizations are realistically achievable. In global health, we propose that monopoly patents be complemented by health impact rewards as an optional alternative incentive for developing and supplying innovative pharmaceuticals. To slow global warming, we propose a common glide path for reducing per-capita emissions, with the option to compensate for temporary excess emissions by financing the achievement of additional emission reductions in poorer countries. For the global financial sector, we propose eliminating fossil-fuel subsidies, reintroducing Glass–Stegall, protecting the fair value of international natural-resource sales, and instituting an alternative minimum tax on corporations, financial transactions taxes and progressive taxes on internationally operating digital businesses.

摘要

COVID-19 大流行揭示了我们全球制度架构中的严重结构性缺陷。我们认为，政治能量现在应该集中在三个可以实现转型重组的主要领域。在全球健康方面，我们建议垄断专利与健康影响奖励相辅相成，作为开发和供应创新药物的可选替代激励措施。为了减缓全球变暖，我们提出了一个减少人均的共同下滑路径排放，可选择通过资助较贫穷国家实现额外减排来补偿暂时的超额排放。对于全球金融部门，我们建议取消化石燃料补贴，重新引入 Glass-Stegall，保护国际自然资源销售的公允价值，并对公司征收替代性最低税、金融交易税和对国际运营数字业务征收累进税.