This article critically reflects on contemporary discussions of human-nonhuman relations and their consequences for ecological politics. Recent critiques push back against popular ‘nonhuman turn’ appeals to ‘decentre’ humans and downplay distinctions between humans and nonhumans. The article seeks to both extend and nuance these critiques by emphasising how uneven developments from colonial to digital platform capitalism have intensified historical processes of alienation between humans and the rest of nature. This focus contextualises the nonhuman turn as a response to increasingly alienated forms of entanglement, which may hamper rather than enable challenging contemporary forms of domination. To address this, two conceptual shifts are proposed. First, a shift away from ‘decentring the human’ to a dialectics between more-than-human and ‘less-than-human’. This move emphasises how forms of capitalist domination continue to diminish (certain) humans and nonhumans and how challenging this requires pivoting between de- and recentring humans where needed. Second, a shift from ‘more-than-human’ to ‘more-than-life’, to emphasise how through extremely uneven histories of capitalist development the intensification of alienation has led to growing tensions between ontological relationality and epistemological and practical distinctions.

本文批判性地反思了当代关于人类与非人类关系的讨论及其对生态政治的影响。最近的批评反对流行的“非人类转向”诉诸“正派”人类并淡化人类与非人类之间的区别。这篇文章试图通过强调从殖民到数字平台资本主义的不平衡发展如何加剧人类与自然其他部分之间异化的历史进程，来扩展和细化这些批评。 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 这一焦点将非人类转向作为对日益疏远的纠缠形式的回应，这可能会阻碍而不是挑战当代的统治形式。为了解决这个问题，提出了两个概念转变。第一的，从“去中心化人类”转变为“超人类”与“超人类”之间的辩证法。这一举措强调了资本主义统治形式如何继续削弱（某些）人类和非人类，以及这需要在需要时在去人类和重新安置人类之间进行调整是多么具有挑战性。其次，从“超越人类”到“超越生命”的转变，强调在极不平衡的资本主义发展历史中，异化的加剧如何导致本体论关系与认识论和实践区别之间日益紧张。