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Detecting hydrodynamic changes after living shoreline restoration and through an extreme event using a Before-After-Control-Impact experiment
Ecological Engineering ( IF 3.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106306
David W. Spiering , Kelly M. Kibler , Vasileios Kitsikoudis , Melinda J. Donnelly , Linda J. Walters

Stabilization of eroding estuarine shorelines using living shoreline techniques, including native vegetation and nearshore structural components, has the potential to combat erosion while increasing shoreline ecotone function. However, there are few detailed field studies and little quantitative data available to assess hydrodynamic changes that occur immediately following living shoreline implementation. To address this gap, detailed hydrodynamic observations were made along eroding and stable reference shorelines over a 16-month period spanning living shoreline stabilization, which included the landfall of a major hurricane (Irma) 9 weeks after stabilization. In the months following stabilization, planted vegetation was sparse and shoreline hydrodynamics were governed by water level relative to breakwater structures. When water levels were at or below breakwater crest elevation, current velocities were initially reduced by 62% and wave heights by up to 83%; however, at higher water levels, shoreline velocities at the stabilized site vastly exceeded those observed at a nearby bare control site. Sixteen months after stabilization, flow-vegetation interactions had become a dominant control over shoreline hydrodynamics, and current attenuation was similar to that observed in nearby mature mangrove vegetation. Additionally, turbulence dissipation rates at the stabilized site (2.2∙10−5 m2/s3) and vegetated reference site (1.1∙10−5 m2/s3) were an order of magnitude greater during boat wake events compared to the bare shoreline site (1.6∙10−6 m2/s3,p < 0.001). This first experimental assessment of hydrodynamic effects related to living shoreline stabilization indicates that more than one year may be required before planted vegetation meaningfully influences shoreline hydrodynamics.



中文翻译:

使用前-后-控制-影响实验检测海岸线恢复后和极端事件后的水动力变化

使用活体海岸线技术(包括原生植被和近岸结构组件)稳定侵蚀的河口海岸线,有可能在增加海岸线交错带功能的同时对抗侵蚀。然而,很少有详细的实地研究和定量数据可用于评估在生活海岸线实施后立即发生的水动力变化。为了弥补这一差距,在 16 个月的时间里,沿着侵蚀和稳定的参考海岸线进行了详细的水动力观测,其中包括稳定后 9 周的大型飓风 (Irma) 的登陆。在稳定后的几个月里,种植的植被稀疏,海岸线水动力受相对于防波堤结构的水位控制。当水位等于或低于防波堤波峰时,水流速度最初降低了 62%,浪高降低了 83%;然而,在更高的水位,稳定地点的海岸线速度大大超过在附近裸露控制地点观察到的速度。稳定后 16 个月,水流-植被相互作用已成为对海岸线流体动力学的主要控制,并且电流衰减类似于在附近成熟的红树林植被中观察到的衰减。此外,稳定位置的湍流耗散率 (2.2∙10 水流-植被相互作用已成为对海岸线流体动力学的主要控制,电流衰减类似于在附近成熟的红树林植被中观察到的衰减。此外,稳定位置的湍流耗散率 (2.2∙10 水流-植被相互作用已成为对海岸线流体动力学的主要控制,电流衰减类似于在附近成熟的红树林植被中观察到的衰减。此外,稳定位置的湍流耗散率 (2.2∙10-5  m 2 /s 3 ) 和植被参考站点 (1.1∙10 -5  m 2 /s 3 ) 在船尾流事件期间比裸岸线站点 (1.6∙10 -6  m 2 /s ) 大一个数量级3p  < 0.001)。对与活体海岸线稳定相关的水动力影响的首次实验评估表明,可能需要一年多的时间才能使种植的植被对海岸线水动力产生有意义的影响。

更新日期:2021-06-21
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