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Monotherapy Anticoagulation to Expedite Home Treatment of Patients Diagnosed With Venous Thromboembolism in the Emergency Department: A Pragmatic Effectiveness Trial
Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ( IF 6.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-21 , DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.120.007600
Jeffrey A Kline 1 , David H Adler 2 , Naomi Alanis 3 , Joseph R Bledsoe 4 , Daniel M Courtney 5 , James P d'Etienne 6 , Deborah B Diercks 5 , John S Garrett 7 , Alan E Jones 8 , David C Mackenzie 9 , Troy Madsen 10 , Andrew J Matuskowitz 11 , Bryn E Mumma 12 , Kristen E Nordenholz 13 , Justine Pagenhardt 14 , Michael S Runyon 15 , William B Stubblefield 16 , Christopher B Willoughby 17
Affiliation  

Background:The objective was to test if low-risk emergency department patients with vitamin K antagonist (venous thromboembolism [VTE]; including venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism [PE]) can be safely and effectively treated at home with direct acting oral (monotherapy) anticoagulation in a large-scale, real-world pragmatic effectiveness trial.Methods:This was a single-arm trial, conducted from 2016 to 2019 in accordance with the Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies guideline in 33 emergency departments in the United States. Participants had newly diagnosed VTE with low risk of death based upon either the modified Hestia criteria, or physician judgment plus the simplified PE severity index score of zero, together with nonhigh bleeding risk were eligible. Patients had to be discharged within 24 hours of triage and treated with either apixaban or rivaroxaban. Effectiveness was defined by the primary efficacy and safety outcomes, image-proven recurrent VTE and bleeding requiring hospitalization >24 hours, respectively, with an upper limit of the 95% CI for the 30-day frequency of VTE recurrence below 2.0% for both outcomes.Results:We enrolled 1421 patients with complete outcomes data, including 903 with venous thrombosis and 518 with PE. The recurrent VTE requiring hospitalization occurred in 14/1421 (1.0% [95% CI, 0.5%–1.7%]), and bleeding requiring hospitalization occurred in 12/1421 (0.8% [0.4%–1.5%). The rate of severe bleeding using International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis criteria was 2/1421 (0.1% [0%–0.5%]). No patient died, and serious adverse events occurred in 2.5% of venous thrombosis patients and 2.3% of patients with PE. Medication nonadherence was reported by patients in 8.0% (6.6%–9.5%) and was associated with a risk ratio of 6.0 (2.3–15.2) for VTE recurrence. Among all patients diagnosed with VTE in the emergency department during the period of study, 18% of venous thrombosis patients and 10% of patients with PE were enrolled.Conclusions:Monotherapy treatment of low-risk patients with venous thrombosis or PE in the emergency department setting produced a low rate of bleeding and VTE recurrence, but may be underused. Patients with venous thrombosis and PE should undergo risk-stratification before home treatment. Improved patient adherence may reduce rate of recurrent VTE.Registration:URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03404635

中文翻译:

单药抗凝加速急诊科诊断为静脉血栓栓塞患者的家庭治疗:实用有效性试验

背景:目的是测试使用维生素 K 拮抗剂(静脉血栓栓塞 [VTE];包括静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞 [PE])的低风险急诊科患者是否可以在家中通过直接作用口服(单一疗法)安全有效地治疗在大规模、真实世界的实用有效性试验中进行抗凝治疗。方法:这是一项单臂试验,于 2016 年至 2019 年根据报告实施研究标准指南在美国 33 个急诊科进行。根据修改后的 Hestia 标准或医生判断加上简化的 PE 严重程度指数评分为零,参与者新诊断出具有低死亡风险的 VTE,以及非高出血风险是合格的。患者必须在分诊后 24 小时内出院,并接受阿哌沙班或利伐沙班治疗。有效性分别由主要疗效和安全性结果、影像证实的复发性 VTE 和需要住院 > 24 小时的出血分别定义,两种结果的 30 天 VTE 复发频率的 95% CI 上限均低于 2.0% . 结果:我们入组了 1421 名患者结局数据完整,其中 903 名静脉血栓形成和 518 名 PE 患者。需要住院的复发性 VTE 发生在 14/1421 (1.0% [95% CI, 0.5%–1.7%]),需要住院的出血发生在 12/1421 (0.8% [0.4%–1.5%)。使用国际血栓形成和止血协会标准的严重出血率为 2/1421 (0.1% [0%–0.5%])。2例患者无死亡,严重不良事件发生。5% 的静脉血栓患者和 2.3% 的 PE 患者。8.0% (6.6%–9.5%) 的患者报告了药物不依从性,并且与 VTE 复发的风险比为 6.0 (2.3–15.2) 相关。在研究期间急诊科诊断为VTE的所有患者中,18%的静脉血栓患者和10%的PE患者入组。结论:急诊科低危静脉血栓或PE患者的单药治疗设置产生低出血率和 VTE 复发率,但可能未充分利用。静脉血栓形成和 PE 患者应在家庭治疗前进行风险分层。提高患者依从性可能会降低 VTE 复发率。注册:URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov;唯一标识符:NCT03404635 8.0% (6.6%–9.5%) 的患者报告了药物不依从性,并且与 VTE 复发的风险比为 6.0 (2.3–15.2) 相关。在研究期间急诊科诊断为VTE的所有患者中,18%的静脉血栓患者和10%的PE患者入组。结论:急诊科低危静脉血栓或PE患者的单药治疗设置产生低出血率和 VTE 复发率,但可能未充分利用。静脉血栓形成和 PE 患者应在家庭治疗前进行风险分层。提高患者依从性可能会降低 VTE 复发率。注册:URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov;唯一标识符:NCT03404635 8.0% (6.6%–9.5%) 的患者报告了药物不依从性,并且与 VTE 复发的风险比为 6.0 (2.3–15.2) 相关。在研究期间急诊科诊断为VTE的所有患者中,18%的静脉血栓患者和10%的PE患者入组。结论:急诊科低危静脉血栓或PE患者的单药治疗设置产生低出血率和 VTE 复发率,但可能未充分利用。静脉血栓形成和 PE 患者应在家庭治疗前进行风险分层。提高患者依从性可能会降低 VTE 复发率。注册:URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov;唯一标识符:NCT03404635 3–15.2) 用于 VTE 复发。在研究期间急诊科诊断为VTE的所有患者中,18%的静脉血栓患者和10%的PE患者入组。结论:急诊科低危静脉血栓或PE患者的单药治疗设置产生低出血率和 VTE 复发率,但可能未充分利用。静脉血栓形成和 PE 患者应在家庭治疗前进行风险分层。提高患者依从性可能会降低 VTE 复发率。注册:URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov;唯一标识符:NCT03404635 3–15.2) 用于 VTE 复发。在研究期间急诊科诊断为VTE的所有患者中,18%的静脉血栓患者和10%的PE患者入组。结论:急诊科低危静脉血栓或PE患者的单药治疗设置产生低出血率和 VTE 复发率,但可能未充分利用。静脉血栓形成和 PE 患者应在家庭治疗前进行风险分层。提高患者依从性可能会降低 VTE 复发率。注册:URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov;唯一标识符:NCT03404635 在急诊科对有静脉血栓形成或 PE 的低风险患者进行单药治疗产生了低出血率和 VTE 复发率,但可能未得到充分利用。静脉血栓形成和 PE 患者应在家庭治疗前进行风险分层。提高患者依从性可能会降低 VTE 复发率。注册:URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov;唯一标识符:NCT03404635 在急诊科对有静脉血栓形成或 PE 的低风险患者进行单药治疗产生了低出血率和 VTE 复发率,但可能未得到充分利用。静脉血栓形成和 PE 患者应在家庭治疗前进行风险分层。提高患者依从性可能会降低 VTE 复发率。注册:URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov;唯一标识符:NCT03404635
更新日期:2021-07-21
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