Soil acidification is a global issue that significantly reduces crop productivity. Lime application is a viable agricultural strategy to ameliorate soil acidification. However, the knowledge of the impact of lime application on the soil microbiome is still limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the diversity, structure, and compositions of the soil bacterial community after liming on wheat fields. We established winter wheat plots in two precipitation zones, Pendleton and Moro in Oregon, facing soil acidity stress, and conducted bacterial microbiome analysis after lime application using Illumina MiSeq. Soil pH increased with increasing rates of lime amendments in the surface soil (0–7.5 cm) but did not significantly change in deeper soil (7.5–15 and 15–22.5 cm). High-throughput sequencing results revealed that liming had marginally effects on soil bacterial communities. A few bacterial families, including Cytophagaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Intrasporangiaceae, Phyllobacteriaceae, Propionibacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Sphingobacteriaceae, were correlated with lime application. In contrast, location and soil depth had a strong effect on soil bacterial communities. In addition, the impacts of liming on soil bacterial diversity and taxa were inconsistent and location- and soil depth-dependent. Furthermore, four nitrifiers were quantitated from all samples by qPCR assay. Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Nitrobacter were most abundant in the topsoil, while ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and Nitrospira were more abundant in deeper soil. Only Nitrospira was significantly influenced by soil pH. Overall, these results suggest that location, soil depth, lime amendments, and their interactions have significant impacts on the soil bacterial community that may influence plant health and crop yields.

土壤酸化是一个全球性问题，会显着降低作物生产力。施用石灰是改善土壤酸化的可行农业策略。然而，关于石灰施用对土壤微生物群的影响的知识仍然有限。因此，本研究的目的是调查小麦田施石灰后土壤细菌群落的多样性、结构和组成。我们在俄勒冈州的 Pendleton 和 Moro 这两个降水区建立了冬小麦地块，面临土壤酸度胁迫，并使用 Illumina MiSeq 在施用石灰后进行细菌微生物组分析。土壤 pH 值随着表层土壤（0-7.5 厘米）中石灰添加量的增加而增加，但在深层土壤（7.5-15 和 15-22.5 厘米）中没有显着变化。高通量测序结果表明，石灰对土壤细菌群落的影响很小。一些细菌科，包括噬菌体科、黄杆菌科、孢囊内菌科、叶门菌科、丙酸杆菌科、假单胞菌科和鞘氨醇杆菌科，与石灰施用相关。相比之下，位置和土壤深度对土壤细菌群落有很强的影响。此外，石灰对土壤细菌多样性和分类群的影响是不一致的，并且取决于位置和土壤深度。此外，通过 qPCR 测定从所有样品中定量了四种硝化菌。氨氧化细菌（AOB）和 和鞘氨醇杆菌科，与石灰施用相关。相比之下，位置和土壤深度对土壤细菌群落有很强的影响。此外，石灰对土壤细菌多样性和分类群的影响是不一致的，并且取决于位置和土壤深度。此外，通过 qPCR 测定从所有样品中定量了四种硝化菌。氨氧化细菌（AOB）和 和鞘氨醇杆菌科，与石灰施用相关。相比之下，位置和土壤深度对土壤细菌群落有很强的影响。此外，石灰对土壤细菌多样性和分类群的影响是不一致的，并且取决于位置和土壤深度。此外，通过 qPCR 测定从所有样品中定量了四种硝化菌。氨氧化细菌（AOB）和硝化细菌在表层土壤中含量最高，而氨氧化古细菌 (AOA) 和硝化螺菌在深层土壤中含量更高。只有Nitrospira受土壤 pH 值显着影响。总体而言，这些结果表明位置、土壤深度、石灰改良剂及其相互作用对土壤细菌群落有重大影响，可能会影响植物健康和作物产量。