Population growth and dietary needs changes have exerted pressure on phosphorus (P) reserves, and the future availability of P fertilisers is uncertain. Most Malawian soils have low P and farmers apply P fertilisers to harvest enough food. Scarcity of chemical P fertilisers and rising prices will affect Malawi's food security. To avert the impact of P future uncertainty a P flow analysis (PFA) was conducted to characterise and quantify sources, flows, and sinks of P to determine options for waste minimisation, recovery, and chemical fertiliser use reduction for Malawi. The PFA results highlighted that; there are 35000 Mg of recyclable organic P annually, which is over two times Malawi's annual P fertiliser demand (14000 Mg). Currently, only 16% of the organic P is recycled to agriculture. Chemical P fertiliser represents 66 % of the P fertiliser used for crop production. Manure is the most recycled organic P source (38 % recycled), followed by organic solid waste (6%), and crop residues (5%). Annually, 9000 Mg of P is transferred to faecal matter, but none is recycled. Overall, Malawian soils have a negative P balance of -4000 Mg. Malawi can reduce its dependence on imported chemical P if recycling of organic P source is adopted. However, regulations should be put in place to control the quality of organic fertilisers.

人口增长和饮食需求变化对磷 (P) 储备施加了压力，未来磷肥的供应尚不确定。大多数马拉维土壤磷含量低，农民使用磷肥来收获足够的食物。化学磷肥短缺和价格上涨将影响马拉维的粮食安全。为了避免磷未来不确定性的影响，进行了磷流量分析 (PFA) 来表征和量化磷的来源、流量和汇，以确定马拉维废物最小化、回收和减少化肥使用的选项。PFA 结果强调了这一点；每年有 35000 毫克可回收有机磷，是马拉维每年磷肥需求量（14000 毫克）的两倍多。目前，只有 16% 的有机磷被回收到农业中。化学磷肥占作物生产用磷肥的 66%。粪便是回收最多的有机磷源（38% 回收），其次是有机固体废物（6%）和作物残留物（5%）。每年，9000 毫克的 P 被转移到粪便中，但没有一个被回收。总体而言，马拉维土壤的负磷平衡为 -4000 Mg。如果采用有机磷源的回收利用，马拉维可以减少对进口化学磷的依赖。但是，应制定法规来控制有机肥料的质量。如果采用有机磷源的回收利用，马拉维可以减少对进口化学磷的依赖。但是，应制定法规来控制有机肥料的质量。如果采用有机磷源的回收利用，马拉维可以减少对进口化学磷的依赖。但是，应制定法规来控制有机肥料的质量。