The variability in resolution of SARS-CoV-2-infections between individuals neither is comprehended, nor are the long-term immunological consequences. To assess the long-term impact of a SARS-CoV-2-infection on the immune system, we conducted a prospective study of 80 acute and former SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and 39 unexposed donors to evaluate autoantibody responses and immune composition. Autoantibody levels against cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), a specific predictor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), were significantly (p = 0.035) elevated in convalescents only, whereas both acute COVID-19 patients and long-term convalescents showed critically increased levels of anti-tissue transglutaminase (TG), a specific predictor of celiac disease (CD) (p = 0.002). Both, anti-CCP and anti-TG antibody levels were still detectable after 4–8 months post infection. Anti-TG antibodies occurred predominantly in aged patients in a context of a post-SARS-CoV-2-specific immune composition (R² = 0.31; p = 0.044). This study shows that increased anti-CCP and anti-TG autoantibody levels can remain long-term after recovering even from mildly experienced COVID-19. The inter-relationship of the lung as viral entry side and RA- and CD-associated autoimmunity indicates that a SARS-CoV-2-infection could be a relevant environmental factor in their pathogenesis.

个体之间解决 SARS-CoV-2 感染的差异性既未被理解，也未被理解其长期免疫学后果。为了评估 SARS-CoV-2 感染对免疫系统的长期影响，我们对 80 名急性和曾感染 SARS-CoV-2 的个体和 39 名未暴露的捐赠者进行了一项前瞻性研究，以评估自身抗体反应和免疫成分。针对类风湿性关节炎 (RA) 特异性预测因子环瓜氨酸肽 (CCP) 的自身抗体水平仅在恢复期患者中显着 (p = 0.035) 升高，而急性 COVID-19 患者和长期恢复期患者的抗抗体水平均显着升高-组织转谷氨酰胺酶 (TG)，乳糜泻 (CD) 的特异性预测因子 (p = 0.002)。两个都，感染后 4-8 个月后仍可检测到抗 CCP 和抗 TG 抗体水平。在 SARS-CoV-2 后特异性免疫成分的背景下，抗 TG 抗体主要发生在老年患者中（R²  = 0.31；p = 0.044）。这项研究表明，即使从轻微的 COVID-19 中恢复过来，抗 CCP 和抗 TG 自身抗体水平的升高也可以长期保持。肺作为病毒进入侧与 RA 和 CD 相关自身免疫的相互关系表明，SARS-CoV-2 感染可能是其发病机制中的相关环境因素。