Ionic conduction and relaxation for the cubic phase of three-dimensional CsPbCl₃ perovskite with a mean crystal size of 500 nm, synthesized via a facile solution based method, have been investigated in wide temperature and frequency ranges by dielectric spectroscopic measurements. Dielectric data have been analyzed in terms of the complex impedance spectroscopy, AC conductivity and the complex electric modulus by using Maxwell–Wagner equivalent circuit model, universal power law, Havrilliak–Negami, and Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts models to explore the fundamental aspects of the ionic transport and relaxation mechanism in CsPbCl₃ perovskite. Nyquist plots indicate the individual grain and grain boundary contributions to the total impedance. The temperature dependence of the DC conductivity and the relaxation time obtained from the analysis was observed to follow the Arrhenius behavior. The activation energy for the DC conductivity was found to be ∼0.25 eV, which was very close to that for the relaxation time. The scaling of the AC conductivity and the electric modulus spectra at different temperatures indicates the validity of the time-temperature superposition principle, i.e., common ionic conduction and relaxation mechanisms at different temperatures in CsPbCl₃ perovskite.

中文翻译：

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三维CsPbCl3钙钛矿中的离子传导和弛豫机制

通过基于简单溶液的方法合成的平均晶体尺寸为 500 nm的三维 CsPbCl ₃钙钛矿立方相的离子传导和弛豫，已经通过介电光谱测量在宽温度和频率范围内进行了研究。通过使用 Maxwell-Wagner 等效电路模型、通用幂律、Havrilliak-Negami 和 Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts 模型，在复阻抗谱、交流电导率和复电模量方面对介电数据进行了分析，以探索CsPbCl _{3 中}的离子传输和弛豫机制钙钛矿。奈奎斯特图表示单个晶粒和晶界对总阻抗的贡献。观察到从分析中获得的 DC 电导率和弛豫时间的温度依赖性遵循 Arrhenius 行为。发现 DC 电导率的活化能为 ~0.25 eV，非常接近弛豫时间的活化能。不同温度下交流电导率和电模量谱的标度表明时间-温度叠加原理的有效性，即CsPbCl ₃钙钛矿在不同温度下的常见离子传导和弛豫机制。