We investigated how schemas can bias both memory and perception of a frequently seen building leading to a horizontal-vertical illusion. Specifically, undergraduate students (n = 172) were asked to estimate and sketch the dimensions of a highly familiar campus building to determine if they misremember or misperceive the building's features. Despite its cubic dimensions, participants frequently overestimated the building's height to width ratio, both on sketches and estimates, as they were likely biased by the horizontal-vertical illusion and the schema that buildings are often taller than wider. This occurred regardless of whether participants sketched and estimated from memory or completed these tasks while perceiving the building. Additionally, participants were often unable to correctly identify the building's outline on a recognition test, even while looking at it. These results demonstrate that both perceptual and memory accuracy can be impacted by schematic biases and cognitive illusions.

中文翻译：

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高塔：感知和记忆熟悉的建筑时的图式和幻觉

我们研究了模式如何使对经常看到的建筑物的记忆和感知产生偏差，从而导致水平-垂直错觉。具体来说，本科生（n = 172) 被要求估计和绘制高度熟悉的校园建筑的尺寸，以确定他们是否记错或误解了建筑物的特征。尽管是立方尺寸，但参与者在草图和估算中经常高估建筑物的高宽比，因为他们可能会受到水平垂直错觉和建筑物通常更高而不是更宽的模式的偏见。无论参与者是根据记忆进行草图和估计，还是在感知建筑物时完成这些任务，都会发生这种情况。此外，参与者通常无法在识别测试中正确识别建筑物的轮廓，即使是在查看它时也是如此。这些结果表明，感知和记忆的准确性都会受到图式偏见和认知错觉的影响。