The Internet of Things (IoT) has grown significantly in popularity, accompanied by increased capacity and lower cost of communications, and overwhelming development of technologies. At the same time, big data and real-time data analysis have taken on great importance and have been accompanied by unprecedented interest in sharing data among citizens, public administrations and other organisms, giving rise to what is known as the Collaborative Internet of Things. This growth in data and infrastructure must be accompanied by a software architecture that allows its exploitation. Although there are various proposals focused on the exploitation of the IoT at edge, fog and/or cloud levels, it is not easy to find a software solution that exploits the three tiers together, taking maximum advantage not only of the analysis of contextual and situational data at each tier, but also of two-way communications between adjacent ones. In this paper, we propose an architecture that solves these deficiencies by proposing novel technologies which are appropriate for managing the resources of each tier: edge, fog and cloud. In addition, the fact that two-way communications along the three tiers of the architecture is allowed considerably enriches the contextual and situational information in each layer, and substantially assists decision making in real time. The paper illustrates the proposed software architecture through a case study of respiratory disease surveillance in hospitals. As a result, the proposed architecture permits efficient communications between the different tiers responding to the needs of these types of IoT scenarios.

物联网 (IoT) 的受欢迎程度显着增长，伴随着通信容量的增加和成本的降低，以及技术的压倒性发展。与此同时，大数据和实时数据分析变得非常重要，伴随着公民、公共行政部门和其他有机体之间对共享数据的前所未有的兴趣，产生了所谓的协同物联网。数据和基础设施的这种增长必须伴随着允许其利用的软件架构。尽管有各种提案侧重于在边缘、雾和/或云级别利用物联网，但要找到同时利用这三层的软件解决方案并不容易，不仅可以最大限度地利用对每一层的上下文和情境数据的分析，而且还可以最大限度地利用相邻层之间的双向通信。在本文中，我们提出了一种架构，通过提出适用于管理每一层资源的新技术来解决这些缺陷：边缘、雾和云。此外，允许沿架构的三层进行双向通信的事实极大地丰富了每一层中的上下文和情境信息，并大大有助于实时决策。本文通过医院呼吸系统疾病监测的案例研究说明了所提议的软件架构。因此，