Concrete is a widely used building material in coastal constructions worldwide. However, limited natural resources used in the production process, as well as high CO2-emission due to the calcination process of limestone and the thermal energy demand for Portland cement clinker production, raise the demand for alternative constituents. Alternative mixture types should be environmentally friendly and, at best, mimic natural hard substrates. Here five different concrete mixtures, containing different cements (Portland cement and blast furnace cements) and aggregates (sand, gravel, iron ore and metallurgical slags) were made. Three replicate cubes (15 × 15 × 15 cm) of each type were then deployed in a German deep-water Port, the JadeWeserPort, to study benthic community establishment after one year. Results are compared to a similar experiment conducted in a natural hard ground environment (Helgoland Island, Germany). Results indicate marked differences in settled communities in the Port site compared to natural environments. At the Port site community composition did not differ with the concrete mixtures. Surface orientation of the cubes (front/top/back) revealed significant differences in species abundances and compositions. Cubes hold more neobiota in the Port site than in natural hard ground environments. Implications for the usage of new concrete mixtures are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

引入德国深水港的不同混凝土混合物的底栖社区建立

混凝土是世界范围内沿海建筑中广泛使用的建筑材料。然而，生产过程中使用的自然资源有限，以及由于石灰石煅烧过程和波特兰水泥熟料生产的热能需求导致的高二氧化碳排放，增加了对替代成分的需求。替代混合物类型应该是环保的，并且最多模仿天然硬质基材。这里制造了五种不同的混凝土混合物，包含不同的水泥（波特兰水泥和高炉水泥）和骨料（沙子、砾石、铁矿石和冶金矿渣）。然后在德国深水港 JadeWeserPort 部署每种类型的三个复制立方体（15 × 15 × 15 厘米），以研究一年后的底栖群落建立。结果与在天然硬地环境（德国黑尔戈兰岛）中进行的类似实验进行了比较。结果表明，与自然环境相比，港口所在地的定居社区存在显着差异。在港口现场社区组成与混凝土混合物没有区别。立方体的表面方向（前/顶/后）揭示了物种丰度和组成的显着差异。与天然硬地环境相比，立方体在港口站点中拥有更多的新生物群。讨论了使用新混凝土混合物的影响。立方体的表面方向（前/顶/后）揭示了物种丰度和组成的显着差异。与天然硬地环境相比，立方体在港口站点中拥有更多的新生物群。讨论了使用新混凝土混合物的影响。立方体的表面方向（前/顶/后）揭示了物种丰度和组成的显着差异。与天然硬地环境相比，立方体在港口站点中拥有更多的新生物群。讨论了使用新混凝土混合物的影响。