In the last decades, soil bioengineering has gained considerable popularity worldwide, especially in hillslope, riverbank, and earth embankment stabilisation works. The use of plants as a building material transfers the plant multifunctionality within engineering structures and meets the demand rising from society for more environmental-friendly approaches to structure design. In addition, soil bioengineering approach complies with public policies, such as EU strategies concerning the green infrastructures, the circular economy and the green deal, as well as the global framework defined by the Global Goals for Sustainable Development.

Despite the widespread use of soil bioengineering techniques and their adherence to the new directions of public policies, however, quantitative and temporal aspects of soil bioengineering approach are not fully considered. Construction criteria typical of civil engineering approaches, such as safety, serviceability and duration, need to be evaluated and fulfilled by bioengineering measures in an analog way as for technical construction, with the additional effort to consider spatial and temporal variability of their properties.

In particular, it must be considered at the same time the dynamic temporal development of vegetation (especially the dynamic of root reinforcement) and the decrease in strength of some additive construction material (e.g. wood decay). A comprehensive design scheme, comparable with the one for conventional engineering structures, is still lacking.

In this paper, knowledge and tools aiming to address the above issues, are reviewed, with particular reference to points associated with the structural stability of soil bioengineering structures for shallow landslide stabilisation. The paper:

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provides the background to the traditional engineering design for slope stabilisation, and the normative state of the art of geotechnical and construction design, as well as the residual risk of slope stabilisation;

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considers the temporal issues associated with the vegetation and the effect of soil bioengineering structures on the stability of natural, man-made, and anthropogenically influenced slopes;

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develops a decision framework for soil bioengineering applications that explicitly considers quantitative and temporal aspects of soil bioengineering approach, highlighting critical parameters governing the design with vegetation against shallow slope instability;

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critically debates the issues of the quantifiability of vegetated slopes and the use of permanent and temporary inert material.

在过去的几十年里，土壤生物工程在世界范围内获得了相当大的普及，特别是在山坡、河岸和土堤稳定工程中。植物作为建筑材料的使用在工程结构中转移了植物的多功能性，满足了社会对更环保的结构设计方法的需求。此外，土壤生物工程方法符合公共政策，如欧盟关于绿色基础设施、循环经济和绿色协议的战略，以及全球可持续发展目标定义的全球框架。

尽管土壤生物工程技术得到了广泛应用，并且它们遵循了公共政策的新方向，但是，土壤生物工程方法的定量和时间方面并未得到充分考虑。土木工程方法的典型施工标准，例如安全性、适用性和持续时间，需要通过生物工程措施以与技术施工类似的方式进行评估和满足，并额外努力考虑其特性的空间和时间可变性。

特别是，必须同时考虑植被的动态时间发展（尤其是根系加固的动态）和一些附加建筑材料（例如木材腐烂）强度的下降。仍缺乏与常规工程结构可比的综合设计方案。

在本文中，回顾了旨在解决上述问题的知识和工具，特别参考了与用于浅层滑坡稳定的土壤生物工程结构的结构稳定性相关的要点。论文：

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提供传统边坡稳定工程设计的背景，岩土和施工设计的规范状态，以及边坡稳定的残余风险；

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考虑与植被相关的时间问题以及土壤生物工程结构对自然、人为和人为影响的斜坡稳定性的影响；

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为土壤生物工程应用开发一个决策框架，明确考虑土壤生物工程方法的定量和时间方面，突出控制植被设计的关键参数，以防止浅坡不稳定；

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批判性地辩论植被斜坡的可量化性以及永久和临时惰性材料的使用问题。