The role of chronic inflammation on breast cancer (BC) risk remains unclear beyond as an underlying mechanism of obesity and physical activity. We aimed to evaluate the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and risk of BC overall, according to menopausal status and tumour subtypes. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, 318,686 women were followed for 14 years, among whom 13,246 incident BC cases were identified. The inflammatory potential of the diet was characterized by an inflammatory score of the diet (ISD). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess the potential effect of the ISD on BC risk by means of hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). ISD was positively associated with BC risk. Each increase of one standard deviation (1-Sd) of the score increased by 4% the risk of BC (HR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.01–1.07). Women in the highest quintile of the ISD (indicating a most pro-inflammatory diet) had a 12% increase in risk compared with those in the lowest quintile (HR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.04–1.21) with a significant trend. The association was strongest among premenopausal women, with an 8% increased risk for 1-Sd increase in the score (HR = 1.08; 95% CI 1.01–1.14). The pattern of the association was quite homogeneous by BC subtypes based on hormone receptor status. There were no significant interactions between ISD and body mass index, physical activity, or alcohol consumption. Women consuming more pro-inflammatory diets as measured by ISD are at increased risk for BC, especially premenopausal women.

除了作为肥胖和体力活动的潜在机制之外，慢性炎症对乳腺癌 (BC) 风险的作用仍不清楚。我们的目的是根据绝经状态和肿瘤亚型评估饮食的炎症潜力与 BC 总体风险之间的关联。在欧洲癌症和营养前瞻性调查队列中，对 318,686 名女性进行了为期 14 年的跟踪调查，其中发现了 13,246 例乳腺癌病例。饮食的炎症潜力通过饮食炎症评分（ISD）来表征。使用多变量 Cox 回归模型通过风险比 (HR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI) 评估 ISD 对 BC 风险的潜在影响。 ISD 与 BC 风险呈正相关。评分每增加一个标准差 (1-Sd)，BC 风险就会增加 4%（HR = 1.04；95% CI 1.01–1.07）。与最低五分之一的女性相比，处于 ISD 最高五分之一（表明最促炎症饮食）的女性的风险增加了 12%（HR = 1.12；95% CI 1.04–1.21），且趋势显着。这种关联在绝经前女性中最为明显，评分增加 1-Sd 的风险增加 8%（HR = 1.08；95% CI 1.01–1.14）。基于激素受体状态的 BC 亚型的关联模式非常一致。 ISD 与体重指数、身体活动或饮酒之间没有显着的相互作用。根据 ISD 的测量，食用更多促炎饮食的女性患 BC 的风险增加，尤其是绝经前女性。