Environmental Science and Pollution Research Pub Date : 2021-06-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14865-8 Marleena Hagner 1, 2 , Marja Uusitalo 3 , Hanna Ruhanen 4 , Juha Heiskanen 4 , Rainer Peltola 3 , Kari Tiilikkala 1, 5 , Juha Hyvönen 3 , Pertti Sarala 6, 7 , Kari Mäkitalo 3
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In the northern boreal zone, revegetation and landscaping of closed mine tailings are challenging due to the high concentrations of potentially toxic elements; the use of nutrient-poor, glacigenic cover material (till); cool temperatures; and short growing period. Recycled waste materials such as biochar (BC) and composted sewage sludge (CSS) have been suggested to improve soil forming process and revegetation success as well as decrease metal bioavailability in closed mine tailing areas. We conducted two field experiments in old iron mine tailings at Rautuvaara, northern Finland, where the native mine soil or transported cover till soil had not supported plant growth since the mining ended in 1989. The impacts of CSS and spruce (Picea abies)–derived BC application to till soil on the survival and growth of selected plant species (Pinus sylvestris, Salix myrsinifolia, and grass mixture containing Festuca rubra, Lolium perenne, and Trifolium repens) were investigated during two growing seasons. In addition, the potential of BC to reduce bioaccumulation of metals in plants was studied. We found that (1) organic amendment like CSS markedly enhanced the plant growth and is therefore needed for vegetation establishment in tailing sites that contained only transported till cover, and (2) BC application to till soil-CSS mixture further facilitated the success of grass mixtures resulting in 71–250% higher plant biomass. On the other hand, (3) no effects on P. sylvestris or S. myrsinifolia were recorded during the first growing seasons, and (4) accumulation of metals in cover plants was negligible and BC application to till further decreased the accumulation of Al, Cr, and Fe in the plant tissues.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
用堆肥和生物炭改良尾矿覆盖：对芬兰亚北极植被建立和金属生物累积的影响
在北部寒带地区，由于潜在有毒元素浓度高，封闭尾矿的植被恢复和景观美化具有挑战性；使用营养贫乏、冰川形成的覆盖材料（直到）；凉爽的气温；且生长期短。建议使用生物炭（BC）和堆肥污水污泥（CSS）等回收废料来改善土壤形成过程和植被恢复成功率，并降低封闭尾矿区的金属生物利用率。我们在芬兰北部劳图瓦拉的旧铁矿尾矿中进行了两次现场实验，自 1989 年采矿结束以来，当地的原生矿土或运输覆盖土一直不支持植物生长。CSS 和云杉 ( Picea abies ) 的影响–在两个生长季节研究了BC耕作土壤对选定植物物种（樟子松、柳树和含有羊茅、多年生黑麦草和白三叶草的混合草）生存和生长的影响。此外，还研究了BC减少植物中金属生物累积的潜力。我们发现（1）像CSS这样的有机改良剂显着促进了植物生长，因此对于仅包含运输耕作覆盖物的尾矿场植被建立来说是必需的，（2）BC应用于耕作土壤-CSS混合物进一步促进了草的成功混合物导致植物生物量提高 71-250%。另一方面，(3) 对P. sylvestris或S.没有影响。 在第一个生长季节记录了 myrsinifolia 的情况，(4) 覆盖植物中金属的积累可以忽略不计，BC 耕作进一步减少了植物组织中铝、铬和铁的积累。
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