Fly ash dumps of thermal power stations have been increasing in area worldwide due to the growing demand for power. One of the cost-effective approaches for restoring such sites is spontaneous revegetation in those areas where adjacent indigenous ecosystems can supply seeds and living organisms. We assessed microbiome taxonomic diversity in a Technosol developed during nine years of spontaneous revegetation of the terminated fly ash pond of a thermal power station in Novosibirsk, Russia, in comparison with microbiome diversity in undisturbed Phaeozem under adjacent birch forest by using 16S (V3–V4) and ITS2 (ITS3–ITS4) amplicon sequencing with Illumina MiSeq. We identified 577 fungal and 5542 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs); 95–99% of them were minor or rare species. The dominant OTUs were completely different in the studied soils. At the phylum level, the ultimate dominants were Ascomycota (84%) in the Technosol and Basidiomycota (89%) in the Phaeozem. Three phyla (Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria), together comprising more than a half of the bacteriobiome, prevailed in both soils; however, at the OTU level, soil-related differences were found for 31% of the OTUs. The Technosol bacteriobiome was less structured and more diverse compared to the mycobiome, displaying the same phylum-level structure and OTU-based α-biodiversity as in the adjacent mature soil. Our finding that few fungal and bacterial OTUs dominated in the soil microbiome, the majority being minor or rare members, implies that key ecosystem processes performed by soil microorganisms rely on a very limited taxonomic diversity, both in young and mature soils.

由于对电力的需求不断增长，全球范围内火力发电站的粉煤灰堆场面积不断增加。恢复这些地点的一种具有成本效益的方法是在邻近的土著生态系统可以提供种子和生物体的那些地区进行自发重新植被。我们通过使用 16S (V3–V4 ) 和 ITS2 (ITS3–ITS4) 扩增子测序，使用 Illumina MiSeq。我们确定了 577 个真菌和 5542 个细菌操作分类单位 (OTU)；其中 95-99% 是次要或稀有物种。在所研究的土壤中，主要的 OTU 完全不同。在门水平上，最终优势是 Technosol 中的子囊菌 (84%) 和 Phaeozem 中的担子菌 (89%)。三个门（变形菌门、酸菌门和放线菌）共同构成了超过一半的细菌群落，在这两种土壤中都占优势；然而，在 OTU 水平上，31% 的 OTU 发现了与土壤相关的差异。与真菌生物群相比，Technosol 细菌生物群的结构更小，更多样化，显示出与相邻成熟土壤相同的门级结构和基于 OTU 的 α-生物多样性。我们发现在土壤微生物组中很少有真菌和细菌 OTUs 占主导地位，大多数是次要或稀有成员，这意味着土壤微生物进行的关键生态系统过程依赖于非常有限的分类多样性，无论是在年轻土壤还是成熟土壤中。最终优势菌是 Technosol 中的子囊菌 (84%) 和 Phaeozem 中的担子菌 (89%)。三个门（变形菌门、酸菌门和放线菌）共同构成了超过一半的细菌群落，在这两种土壤中都占优势；然而，在 OTU 水平上，31% 的 OTU 发现了与土壤相关的差异。与真菌生物群相比，Technosol 细菌生物群的结构更小，更多样化，显示出与相邻成熟土壤相同的门级结构和基于 OTU 的 α-生物多样性。我们发现土壤微生物组中很少有真菌和细菌 OTUs 占主导地位，大多数是次要或稀有成员，这意味着土壤微生物进行的关键生态系统过程依赖于非常有限的分类多样性，无论是在年轻土壤还是成熟土壤中。最终优势菌是 Technosol 中的子囊菌 (84%) 和 Phaeozem 中的担子菌 (89%)。三个门（变形菌门、酸菌门和放线菌）共同构成了超过一半的细菌群落，在这两种土壤中都占优势；然而，在 OTU 水平上，31% 的 OTU 发现了与土壤相关的差异。与真菌生物群相比，Technosol 细菌生物群的结构更小，更多样化，显示出与相邻成熟土壤相同的门级结构和基于 OTU 的 α-生物多样性。我们发现在土壤微生物组中很少有真菌和细菌 OTUs 占主导地位，大多数是次要或稀有成员，这意味着土壤微生物进行的关键生态系统过程依赖于非常有限的分类多样性，无论是在年轻土壤还是成熟土壤中。