Environmental controls on the biogeographic distribution of species are becoming increasingly relevant under the present climate change conditions. The reproductive cycle of the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides at its southernmost European distribution limit in Galicia (Northwest Iberian Peninsula) was studied in two locations (42.57°N 8.96°W, 42.61°N 8.89°W) with different temperatures during a 4-year time series (2012–2016), where an isolated population breeds even though the temperature thresholds documented for northern populations of the species are exceeded. Ovary production, total number of embryos and pre-hatching developmental stage were significantly higher in the colder location than in the warmer one. Fecundity was higher in colder reproductive seasons mediated by upwelling regime and food supply 3 months prior to fertilization. Investment in ovary tissue was favored by high temperatures and food availability, whereas suspended sediment was negatively correlated with investment in ovary tissue. Larvae release was associated with high temperatures and suspended sediment. Phenology of reproductive events was similar to what was described in farther north populations. Results indicated that reproductive output of the species at its southernmost European distribution limit is comparable to that reported in northern latitudes and suggest adaptation or acclimatization to local environmental conditions as maturation of gonads and fertilization was successfully carried out at higher temperatures than documented in northern European populations.

在当前的气候变化条件下，对物种生物地理分布的环境控制变得越来越重要。橡子藤壶Semibalanus balanoides的繁殖周期在 4 年时间序列（2012-2016 年）期间，在不同温度的两个地点（42.57°N 8.96°W，42.61°N 8.89°W）研究了加利西亚（伊比利亚半岛西北部）欧洲最南端的分布极限，其中即使超过了该物种北部种群记录的温度阈值，一个孤立的种群也会繁殖。较冷地区的卵巢产量、胚胎总数和孵化前发育阶段显着高于温暖地区。在受精前 3 个月的上升流和食物供应介导的较冷的生殖季节中，繁殖力较高。高温和食物供应有利于对卵巢组织的投资，而悬浮沉积物与对卵巢组织的投资呈负相关。幼虫释放与高温和悬浮沉积物有关。生殖事件的物候与更远的北方种群中所描述的相似。结果表明，该物种在欧洲最南端分布极限的繁殖产量与北纬报告的产量相当，并表明对当地环境条件的适应或驯化，因为性腺成熟和受精在比北欧种群记录的温度更高的温度下成功进行.