Common philosophical discussions concerning the ethics of human interaction with the biosphere and universe have been significantly informed by certain presuppositions: (1) nature is conquerable; (2) human cultural and social (contrasted with moral) progress is somewhat like a thing, beyond human control, and is inevitable and benevolent; and (3) Homo sapiens is the superior life-form. Although arguments, such as whether humans should conquer nature, founded upon these presuppositions have sometimes been challenged, each of these three presuppositions wants direct analysis. The three have become so ingrained in professional and everyday discourse that they have mythic proportions, as though beyond question. Because of the weightiness of the relevant philosophical issues, they merit overt analysis. Although they are independent and may be analyzed separately, this article treats them as whole, as they often work together in arguments. After finding substantial problems, the article suggests alternative ways of building sustainable presuppositions in similar territory.

中文翻译：

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三个普遍存在的关于人类生命和伦理的预设强有力的证据分析

关于人类与生物圈和宇宙互动的伦理学的常见哲学讨论已经受到某些预设的重要影响：（1）自然是可以征服的；（2）人类文化和社会（与道德相对）的进步有点像一个东西，不受人类控制，是必然的和仁慈的；(3) 智人是高级生命形式。尽管建立在这些预设之上的诸如人类是否应该征服自然之类的论点有时会受到挑战，但这三个预设中的每一个都需要直接分析。这三个人在专业和日常话语中变得如此根深蒂固，以至于他们拥有神话般的比例，仿佛毫无疑问。由于相关哲学问题的重要性，它们值得公开分析。尽管它们是独立的并且可以单独分析，但本文将它们视为一个整体，因为它们在争论中经常一起工作。在发现实质性问题后，文章提出了在类似领域建立可持续预设的替代方法。